Given the following values for the change in enthalpy (deltaH) and entropy (deltaS), which of the following processes can occur at 298 K without violating the second Law of Thermodynamics?
(a) DeltaH = -84 kj mol-2 (-20 kcal mol-1), DeltaS = +125j mol-2K-1)(+30 cal mol-1 K-1)
(b) DeltaH = -84 kj mol-2 (-20 kcal mol-1), DeltaS = -125j mol-2K-1)(-30 cal mol-1 K-1)
(c) DeltaH = +84 kj mol-2 (+20 kcal mol-1), DeltaS = +125j mol-2K-1)(+30 cal mol-1 K-1)
(d) DeltaH = +84 kj mol-2 (+20 kcal mol-1), DeltaS = +125j mol-2K-1)(-30 cal mol-1 K-1)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Option A and B

Explanation:

(a) DeltaH = -84 kj mol-2 (-20 kcal mol-1), DeltaS = +125j mol-2K-1)(+30 cal mol-1 K-1)

Delta G = Delta H – T * DS

Substituting the given values, we get –  

Delta G = -84 -298 *(125/1000) = -121.25  KJ/mol

Delta G is negative hence the process is spontaneous and will not violate the second law of thermodynamics

(b) DeltaH = -84 kj mol-2 (-20 kcal mol-1), DeltaS = -125j mol-2K-1)(-30 cal mol-1 K-1)

Delta G =-84 -298 *(-125/1000) = -46.75 KJ/mol

Delta G is negative hence the process is spontaneous and will not violate the second law of thermodynamics

(c) DeltaH = +84 kj mol-2 (+20 kcal mol-1), DeltaS = +125j mol-2K-1)(+30 cal mol-1 K-1)

Delta G = 84 -298 *(125/1000) = +46.75 KJ/mol

Delta G is positive hence the process is non-spontaneous and will violate the second law of thermodynamics

(d) DeltaH = +84 kj mol-2 (+20 kcal mol-1), DeltaS = +125j mol-2K-1)(-30 cal mol-1 K-1)

Delta G = 84 -298 *(-125/1000) = + 121.25  KJ/mol

Delta G is positive hence the process is non-spontaneous and will violate the second law of thermodynamics


Related Questions

What are the lengths of the diagonals of the kite?

Answers

The answer ( 13 and 8 )

x²=5²+12²

x²=25+144

x²=169

x=13

x²=5²+6²

x²=25+36

x²=61

x=7.8

x=8

According to hydrogen’s chemical properties, it belongs in the same group as:
1. alkali metals
2. alkaline earth metals
3 .halogens
4. both a and c

---
Select the following group of elements that contains elements with similar chemical properties
A.
N, As, Bi
B.
Rb, Sn, In
C.
Li, Mg, Ga
D.
W, Tc, Fe
---

Answers

A) 1 B) C - hope it help

Round 5578 L to three significant figures.

a. 557 L

b. 558 L

c. 5.58 x 10(3) L

d. 5.58 x 10(-3) L

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

The figures of a number that are noteworthy in high accuracy or precision are known as significant figures. They are as follows:

Any digit that isn't zeroAs in 20012 or 64.60007, there are zeros between non-zero numbers.Only use leading zeros when a decimal point is present, such as in 5640.0 or 532.330.If the figure is less than 5, remove it and leave the rest of the number unaffected but if more than 5 add, round it up to 1, and add it to the next figure in the line.

From the given information:

To (3) sig. fig: 5578 L = 558 L

calculate the relative molecular
mass of Zn (NO3)2

Answers

Answer:

Okyu

Explanation:

Mass of Zn = 65

(NO3)2 = 124

[tex]65 + (14 + 16 \times 2) \times 2 \\ 65 + 124 \\ = 184g mol[/tex]

Explanation:

Mass of Zn = 65

(NO3)2 = 124

\begin{gathered}65 + (14 + 16 \times 2) \times 2 \\ 65 + 124 \\ = 184g mol\end{gathered}

65+(14+16×2)×2

65+124

=184gmol

When an electron moves up to higher energy levels, the atom Choose... a photon of light whereas the atom Choose... a photon of light when an electron drops to a lower energy level. The photons emitted from an atom appear as

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

When an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, energy is absorbed by the atom. When an electron moves from a higher to a lower energy level, energy is released and photon is emitted.

this emitted photon is depicted as a small wave-packet being expelled by the atom in a well-defined direction.

Which of the following ions is formed when an acid is dissolved in a solution? (5 points)
H+
O−
OH−
SO42+

Answers

Answer:

H +

Explanation:

Acid are those species which donates the H+ ion when dissolved in a solution. In other way acid are those chemical species which donate proton to other species as proton means H+ ion so H+ ions are formed as a result of dissolution ..

The oxygen atom of a ketone (such as cyclohexanone) contains 2 lone pairs of electrons. These pairs of electrons most likely reside in what type of orbital

Answers

Answer: The given pairs of electrons most likely reside in [tex]sp^{2}[/tex] type of orbital.

Explanation:

As it is given that two lone pair of electrons are present on the oxygen atom of ketone (such as cyclohexanone).

Also, there will be one bond pair between carbon and oxygen atom.

Hence, total electrons present in the domain are as follows.

2 lone pairs + 1 bon pair of electron = 3 electron domains

This means that there will be [tex]sp^{2}[/tex] type of orbital present.

Thus, we can conclude that given pairs of electrons most likely reside in [tex]sp^{2}[/tex] type of orbital.

Question 1 of 10
What happens when a solid becomes a liquid?

Answers

Answer:it dissolves and evaporates

Explanation:

once water reach its boiling point what does you notice about its temperature??​

Answers

it will stay at a constant temperature while it is boiling which is 212°F

3. 3. A 90.-mL sample of juice was titrated with the I2(aq) solution described above using a sb buret. The initial reading of the sb buret was 58.3 mL. When the endpoint was reached, the reading on the sb buret was 26.9 mL. How many mg of Vitamin C were in the juice sample

Answers

Answer:

2765mg of Vitamin C assuming the concentration of I2 = 0.500M

Explanation:

Iodine, I2, reacts with vitamin C in a ratio of 1:1 (The moles of  I2 added = Moles of Vitamin C in the sample). To solve this question we must find the difference in volume from the initial reading to the endpoint reading. Now, ASSUMING the molar concentration of the I2(aq) solution is 0.500M we can find the moles of I2 = Moles of Vitamin C. With its molar mass -176.12g/mol- we can find its mass:

Moles I2:

Volume  = 58.3mL - 26.9mL = 31.4mL = 0.0314L * (0.500mol / L) = 0.0157 moles I2 = Moles Vitamin C

Mass Vitamin C:

0.0157 moles * (176.12g/mol) = 2.765g of Vitamin C * (1000mg/1g) =

2765mg of Vitamin C assuming the concentration of I2 = 0.500M

To prepare a sample in a capillary tube for a melting point determination, gently tap the tube into the sample with the ___________ end of the tube down. Continue tapping until the sample. _____________ Then, with the __________ end of the tube down, tap the sample down slowly or __________ to move the sample down faster. Finally, make sure that you can see ___________ in the magnifier when placed in the melting point apparatus before turning on the heat.

Answers

Answer: Hello I was able to find the missing options related to your question online but I couldn't attach them hence I just used them to provide the relevant solution

answer:

Open Is a couple of millimeters highclosed Drop tube into a longer tube sample clearly

Explanation:

OPEN end of the tube down. Continue tapping until the sample. Is a couple of mm high Then, with the Closed end of the tube down, tap the sample down slowly or drop tube into a longer/larger tube to move the sample down faster. Finally, make sure that you can see  sample clearly in the magnifier when placed in the melting point apparatus before turning on the heat.

Which state of matter is characterized by having an indefinite shape, but a definite volume?


solid

gas

liquid

Answers

Answer:

liquid is the right answer k

Answer:

liquid

Explanation:

2.67 Determine the density (g/mL) for each of the following:
a. A 20.0-mL sample of a salt solution has a mass of 24.0 g.

Answers

1.2 g/mL, you find this by dividing 24.0g by 20.0 mL

The density (g/mL) for a 20.0-mL sample of a salt solution has a mass of 24.0 g is 1.2 g/ml.

What is density?

Density is the mass per unit volume. Density is a scalar quantity. It is denoted by d and the symbol for density is given as rho, a Greek symbol. Density is calculated as mass divided by volume.

Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body. The product of the molar mass of the compound and the moles of the substance are defined as mass.

Volume is the space occupied by a three-dimensional object. Volume is calculated by dividing mass by density.

Given, the 20.0-mL sample of a salt solution, which is the volume.

The mass of the solution is 24.0 g

To calculate the density

mass/volume

24.0 / 20.0 = 1.2 g/ml

Thus, the density of the given salt solution is 1.2 g/ml.

To learn more about density, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/17851361

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ci Metal displaces 50cm of water
when completely immersed in water if the mos
of the metal is 35.0q, calculate its
density​

Answers

Answer:

0.70 g/cm³

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Volume of water displaced by the metal (V): 50 cm³ (this is equal to the volume of the metal)Mass of the metal (m): 35.0 g

Step 2: Calculate the density (ρ) of the metal

Density is an intrinsic property of matter. It is equal to the mass of the metal divided by its volume.

ρ = m/V

ρ = 35.0 g/50 cm³ = 0.70 g/cm³

2.
A solution contains 50 g of KCl per 100 g of water at
90°C. Is the solution unsaturated, saturated or
supersaturated?
unsaturated, saturated or supersaturated?

Answers

The solution is a saturated solution.

Which of these is a model that
represents valence electrons in
an atom as dots around the
element's chemical symbol?

Answers

Mark Brainliest please

Answer :

electron dot diagram

Explanation

the valence electrons of an atom are the electrons located in the highest occupied principal energy level. Valence electrons are primarily responsible for the chemical properties of elements. The number of valence electrons can be easily determined from the electron configuration. Several examples from the second period elements are shown in the Table below.

lithium 1s22s1 1 valence electron
beryllium 1s22s2 2 valence electrons
nitrogen 1s22s22p3 5 valence electrons

Write the step-by-step mechanism for the following reactions showing, initiation, propogation and atleast one termination rections.

a. The light-initiated reaction of cyclohexane with chlorine to give chlorocyclohexane
b. The reaction between cyclobutane and bromine to give bromocyclobutane

Answers

Answer:

See explanation and image attached.

Explanation:

A free radical reaction is a reaction that involves species having an odd number of electrons.

The initiation step involves the formation of the odd electron species. The propagation steps produce more odd electron species while the termination steps eliminate the odd electron species.

The halogenation of alkanes occurs by free radical mechanism. The initiation, propagation and termination steps for the free radical chlorination of cyclohexane and cyclobutane is shown in the image attached.

Lab 2: paper chromatography of organic dyes
Picture of questions below.

Answers

Answer:

The three primary colors used when mixing dyes or paints are red, yellow, and blue. Other colors are often a mixture of these three colors. Try running a chromatography test again with non-primary-color markers, like purple, brown, and orange.

Explanation:

Mixtures that are suitable for separation by chromatography include inks, dyes and colouring agents in food. ... As the solvent soaks up the paper, it carries the mixtures with it. Different components of the mixture will move at different rates. This separates the mixture out.

4. After reaching the final titration endpoint the solution will be cloudy white. As time goes on the solution will turn back to a cloudy dark purple color. Why does this occur if you have already reached the endpoint

Answers

Answer: hello some part of your question is missing below is the missing part

In an experiment to determine the % of ascorbic acid in Vitamin C Tablets by Titration with Potassium Bromate,

answer:

Oxidation half reaction of Vitamin C

Explanation:

The solution will turn cloudy dark purple even after reaching endpoint when allowed to settle with time. because of the Oxidation half reaction of Vitamin C. also during the Titration process few drops of starch solution will be added to help determine the endpoint of the experiment .

Whether or not the process is observed in nature, which of the following could account for the transformation of phosphorus-28 to silicon-28?

a. beta decay.
b. eletron capture
c. positron emission
d. alpha decay

Answers

Answer:

positron emission

Explanation:

Positron emission,involves the decrease in the nuclear positive charge thus the atomic number of the daughter nucleus decreases by one unit compared to that of the parent nucleus while the mass number of the daughter nucleus remains the same as that of the parent nucleus.

Thus, when phosphorus-28 is transformed into to silicon-28, a positron emission has taken place because the mass number of the daughter nucleus remained the same while the atomic number of the daughter nucleus was decreased by one unit.

What waves are used to send signals because they can travel over very long distances and pass through buildings

Answers

Answer:

sound waves for used I think

12.0: A
Mention three body fluids that are alkaline in nature​

Answers

Paricardial fluid, blood, interstitial fluid, and lymph.

You pick from the 4

Classify each compound as ionic or molecular.

a. ZnCl2
b. MgS
c. CH4

Answers

Answer:

ZnCl2=ionic

MgS=ionic

CH4=molecular

Explanation:

ZnCl₂=ionic, MgS=ionic and CH₄=molecular compounds.

Thus, Ions with opposing charges that are kept together by electrostatic forces make up ionic compounds. Typically, a metal and a nonmetal combine to make them.

Atoms share electrons through covalent bonds to form molecular compounds.

When atoms of various elements share electrons through covalent bonds, molecules are created, also known as covalent compounds. These compounds consist of molecules made up of joined atoms, and the shared electrons strengthen the bonds between the atoms.

Thus, ZnCl₂=ionic, MgS=ionic and CH₄=molecular compounds.

Learn more about Electrons, refer to the link:

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Helllppp asapppp
Which of the following is matter?
O A. Light
O
B. Sound
O C. Atoms
O D. Radio waves

Answers

The answer is ATOMS, because matter is a solid, liquid, or gas…
c atoms All matter is made up of atoms, which are in turn made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. ... Both atoms and molecules are held together by a form of potential energy called chemical energy.

A solution of KMnO4 has an absorbance of 0.539 when measured in the colorimeter. Determine the concentration of the KMnO4 given the following data for a calibration plot.

Concentration of KMNO4 (M) Absorbance
0.0150 0.081
0.0300 0.159
0.0450 0.260
0.0600 0.334

Answers

Answer:

Concentration of unknown solution is 0.0416 M

Explanation:

As we know  

Absorbance is equal to the product of molar absorptivity of KMnO4 m, path length and concentration

From the given set of graphical data, it is clear that the absorbance vs concentration is a straight line.  

From the graph, we can obtain-  

Y = 5.73 X – 0.0065

Absorbance = 0.232

0.232 = 5.73 X – 0.0065

X = 0.0416  

Concentration of unknown solution is 0.0416 M

To determine the enthalpy and entropy of dissolving a compound, you need to measure the Ksp at multiple _______. Then, plot ln(Ksp) vs. ______. The slope of the plotted line relates to the _______ of dissolving and the intercept of the plotted line relates to the ______ of dissolving.

Answers

Answer:

To determine the enthalpy and entropy of dissolving a compound, you need to measure the Ksp at multiple temperatures. Then, plot ln(Ksp) vs. 1/T. The slope of the plotted line relates to the enthalpy (ΔH) of dissolving and the intercept of the plotted line relates to the entropy (ΔS) of dissolving.

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us use the thermodynamic definition of the Gibbs free energy and its relationship with Ksp as follows:

[tex]\Delta G=-RTln(Ksp)\\\\\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S[/tex]

Thus, by combining them, we obtain:

[tex]-RTln(Ksp)=\Delta H-T\Delta S\\\\ln(Ksp)=-\frac{\Delta H}{RT} +\frac{T\Delta S}{RT} \\\\ln(Ksp)=-\frac{\Delta H}{RT} +\frac{\Delta S}{R}[/tex]

Which is related to the general line equation:

[tex]y=mx+b[/tex]

Whereas:

[tex]y=ln(Ksp)\\\\m=-\frac{\Delta H}{R} \\\\x=\frac{1}{T} \\\\b=\frac{\Delta S}{R}[/tex]

It means that we answer to the blanks as follows:

To determine the enthalpy and entropy of dissolving a compound, you need to measure the Ksp at multiple temperatures. Then, plot ln(Ksp) vs. 1/T. The slope of the plotted line relates to the enthalpy (ΔH) of dissolving and the intercept of the plotted line relates to the entropy (ΔS) of dissolving.

Regards!

Propose two steps that could be taken to reduce the vulnerability of the US to hurricanes. Explain why you think those would be effective in saving lives and property.
This is not just about planning and design of buildings and towns/cities, even though those are very important. You could write about the role of research in science and technology and their contributions to emergency preparedness.
You must write at least one paragraph (roughly 150 words).

Answers

Answer:

Sensors and evacuation planning.

Explanation:

Sensors that provides information about hurricane and evacuation planning are the two steps that can reduce the vulnerability of the United States to hurricanes. Sensors provides information about hurricane so we can prepare ourselves about it and the evacuation plan helps in order to quick displacement of people from the hurricane area so these two steps can reduce the vulnerability of the US to hurricanes.

Draw the predominant product(s) of the following reactions including stereochemistry when it is appropriate. CH3CH2 C C CH3 H2O/H2SO4/HgSO4

Answers

Answer:

Draw the predominant product(s) of the following reactions including stereochemistry when it is appropriate.

CH3CH2 C C CH3 H2O/H2SO4/HgSO4

Explanation:

The given compound is: pent-2-yne.

When it reacts with water, in presence of sulphuric acid and mercuric sulphate then a ketone is formed as shown below:

This reaction is an example of nucleophilic attack of water on carbon carbon triple bond.

The general mechanism of the reaction is hsown below:

Pent-2-yne reacts with water and form 3-pentanone.

The reaction is shown below:

What is the speed of a wave with a frequency of 2 Hz and a wavelength of 87m (subject is science) pls answer fast

Answers

Answer:

43.5

Explanation:

Hope that helps

0.159 mol 2.25 M = A L of HCI

Answers

Answer:

hmmm?what?

Explanation:

ayusin mo flece:>

Answer will be
0.159 mol
2.25 M
= A L of HCI
.0707

Hope this helps.
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