Answer:
Outgroup
Explanation:
The name of a group of organisms used as a reference group for determining the relationships between three or more groups of organisms in studying phylogenetic trees is an outgroup.
why is blood pressure measured in the upper arm, at the elevation of your heart?
The force exerted by blood inside the arteries is known as blood pressure. It differs depending on where on the body the person is.
As a result, it is always measured in the upper arm artery, the largest artery in the upper arm. Our blood is descending due to gravity. Gravity pulls the blood downhill, thus as you lift or lower your arm, the blood volume at the height of the cuff changes slightly yet significantly. Sit in a chair with your feet flat on the ground while holding your arm up so your elbow is roughly at heart level in Blood pressure. The cuff's inflatable portion ought to completely encircle at least 80% of your upper arm.
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Hi would like some help asap
Answer:
Out of all the structures in the picture, the mRNA is structure II.
Explanation:
Polypeptide TranslationTranslation is the process of decoding messenger RNA (mRNA) and utilizing its information to construct a polypeptide, or amino acid chain. A polypeptide or protein is comprised of many amino acids.Answer Breakdown Structure II is the mRNA. The mRNA is used as the framework for the translation process which is located in the small ribosomal subunit. Every three bases on the mRNA are a codon and match up with the three base anticodons on the tRNA.Structure I is the anticodon. The anticodons are specific and encode for each amino acid. The tRNAs are then able to pick up the amino acid because of the corresponding anticodon. Structure IV is the tRNA. The tRNA is responsible for the transfer of the amino acid to the mRNA in the ribosome. Once the tRNA makes the attachment of the anticodon to the codon, a new tRNA enters. Structure V is an amino acid. When the new tRNA enters, the previous tRNA exits and discharges its amino acid. Structure III is a polypeptide chain or protein. A polypeptide chain is a group of several amino acids. This occurs when the amino acids accumulate via polypeptide elongation. In each ribosome is an EPA site:The tRNA attaches to the codon on the mRNA via its anticodon at the A site.The tRNA adds the amino acid to the existing chain or initiates the chain at the P site. The tRNA exits the ribosome at the E site. A new tRNA then comes in and the process is repeated.Please let me know if this helped!!!
Four of the five organelles listed below are part of the endomembrane system. Select the exception. a. smooth ER b. rough ER c. Golgi bodies d. vesicles
The endomembrane system includes four of the five organelles described below. The mitochondria are the exception.
What are the four endomembrane system cell organelles?The nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes are only a few examples of the many compartments or organelles that the endomembrane system divides the cell into.
What are the endomembrane system's five parts?Nuclear envelope, lysosomes, vesicles, ER, and Golgi apparatus, in the addition to the plasma membrane, are all parts of the endomembrane system. The proteins and the lipids that make up the membranes are modified, packaged, labeled, and then transported by these cellular components.
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question:-
Four of the five organelles listed below are part of the endomembrane system. Select the exception. a. smooth ER b. rough ER c. Golgi bodies d. vesicles e. mitochondria.
Which view does this passage support 
This passage support reserves of fat serve no purpose in the human body.
How does the body keep energy in reserve?Your muscles and liver really contain energy that is easily accessible as glycogen. This is referred to as carbohydrate energy. Glycogen is transformed into glucose for usage by the muscle cells when carbohydrate energy is required. Protein is a different fuel source for the body, however it is seldom a substantial fuel source.Triglycerides, the primary form of fat humans body, are particularly well adapted for energy storage since they contain more than double the amount of energy as proteins or carbs. Triglycerides are digested during digestion and then transported to cells via the circulation.To learn more about fat refer to:
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According to the passage what can we conclude about cleavage 
A cleavage view, also known as a "valley view," is a mammography image that shows the posteromedial region of both breasts (the "valley" between the two breasts) by placing both breasts on the cassette simultaneously and dragging them anteriorly.
What is the ideal cleavage?The orientation of the cleavage (cubic, prismatic, or basal) and the ease with which it is created are used to describe it. Smooth, glossy surfaces can be easily produced by a perfect cleavage. Other classifications include distinct, flawed, and difficult.A cleavage view, also known as a "valley view," is a mammography image that shows the posteromedial region of both breasts (the "valley" between the two breasts) by placing both breasts on the cassette simultaneously and dragging them anteriorly.The area between a woman's breasts—particularly the top portion that is visible when she is wearing a garment with a low neck—is known as her cleavage. A cleavage is a difference or dispute between two items or individuals.To learn more about cleavage refer to:
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Please help me with the image shown below. It’s basically a chart that you have to label between the given energies.
(I don’t know if the first one is labelled correctly)
Answer:
Explanation:
Sun: weathering by wind, weathering by water, heat and pressure
Earth: melting of rock, flow of magma
I'm not sure if I get the heat and pressure correct.
after cytokinesis occurs in budding yeasts, the daughter cell has a _____.
In budding yeasts, cytokinesis results in the daughter cell having a smaller nucleus and more cytoplasm than the mother cell.
How can lichens grow new tissue?The two main methods that lichen associations can reproduce are through sexual reproduction and the fungi's creation of spores, which is followed by re-association with a photobiont. Vegetative, or clonal, reproduction occurs when both spouses disperse simultaneously, preserving a mutually beneficial association over generations.
Lich: Fungus or not?Lichens are a sophisticated life form that result from the symbiotic coexistence of two different creatures, a fungus and an alga. The fungus, which is the lichen's dominant partner, is responsible for the majority of its traits, including the shape of its thallus and the presence of fruiting bodies.
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Which of the following observations would have led scientists to conclude that woodpeckers DO have shock-absorbing skulls?
(A) The woodpecker’s head slowing down just before hitting the tree.
(B) The space between the bird’s skull and beak compressing upon impact.
(C) The bird’s beak bouncing back quickly after hitting the tree.
(D) The woodpecker’s whole head moving stiffly in a single unit, like a hammer.
'The space between the bird’s skull and beak compressing upon impact'.
What is a Skull?
A skull is the bony structure that forms the head and supports the face in humans and most animals. It consists of the cranial bones, facial bones, and the mandible. The skull also houses the brain, which is the organ of thought, emotions, and memory.
The space between the bird's skull and beak compressing upon impact refers to the fact that when a bird strikes an object, such as a window or other hard surface, the beak and skull can compress upon impact. This compression can cause damage to the bird's head and neck as the impact force is distributed throughout the skull and beak. In severe cases, this compression can lead to death.
Hence, Option B is correct.
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hiv is particularly difficult to destroy because it is a retrovirus; that is, it
A CD4 cell allows HIV entry, where it multiplies. Following the CD4 cell's death at the hands of HIV, fresh HIV copies seek for additional CD4 cells to infect and re-start the cycle. HIV destroys immune system cells which aid in the body's defence against illnesses and infections.
Who defines HIV?A virus that affects the immune system of the body is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Acute immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, can develop if HIV is not treated. As of right now, there is no remedy that works. HIV is a lifelong condition for those who contract it.
Which stages does HIV go through?Three stages are generally experienced by HIV-positive individuals who refuse treatment. However, HIV medication can halt or decrease the disease's advance. Stage 3 AIDS progression is now less frequent than it was in the early days of HIV because to advancements in HIV treatment. Those with HIV are very contagious and have high blood levels of the virus. Flu-like symptoms are prevalent in many persons.
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Explain the steps to making recombinant DNA (include details like how to determine which restriction enzyme works best, how many times to cut the human DNA, how many times to cut the plasmid, and which piece gets inserted into other) (6 pts). Provide at least 2 examples of how recombinant DNA is used (4 pts).
Pls help me <3 tysm
The steps to making recombinant DNA include the use of a restriction enzyme such as EcoRI to cut DNA, then ligation by a ligase and growth in a suitable cell medium, which requires at least two cuts in DNA. Two examples of how recombinant DNA is used may be during the generation of human insulin and also prostaglandins.
What are recombinant DNA molecules?Recombinant DNA molecules are specific sequences created in the lab in order to produce a given protein such as insulin by using recombinant bacteria.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that recombinant DNA molecules are generated to produce proteins.
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Which of the following is the best description of images A and B?
A:alleles
B: Genes
A: genes
B: alleles
A: chromosomes
B: Chromatin
A: Chromatin
B: Chromosomes
The best way to describe images A and B is through genes and alleles, that's one of the following.
What is the gene called?A part of genes is DNA. Certain genetics act as instructions to produce proteins. Tragically, a large quantity of genes would not produce proteins. A designer baby can just have a few million base pairs to about two million bases.
What makes it a gene?However, it wasn't until Wilhelm Johannsen proposed calling the Mendelian variables of heredity genes that the name began to catch on. The suggested term was derived from that Greek word "genos," and means "birth." The term gave rise to others like genome.
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4 different se There is an error in the DNA in which segmentgments of ADN a molecule are represented below
Only segment 3. Adenine is incorrectly paired with Cytosine in segment 3. In DNA, Adenine should be paired with Tyrosine, and Cytosine with Guanine.
What is DNA replication?The process by which the genome's DNA is copied in cells is known as DNA replication. Before dividing, a cell must copy (or replicate) its entire genome so that each resulting daughter cell has its own complete genome.
They consist of 4 steps; Replication fork formation, Primer Binding, Elongation and Termination. DNA replication occurs in eukaryotic cells' nuclei and in prokaryotic cells' nucleoid region.
The correct question is:
Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below.
There is an error in the DNA in which molecule?
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A. What are 2 regions where jellyfish populations have increased?
B. What are 3 regions where jellyfish populations have decreased
Jellyfish populations are highly unpredictable and can fluctuate drastically over time.
a. Two regions where jellyfish populations have increased are the Mediterranean Sea and the North East Pacific Ocean.
b. The Black Sea and The Gulf of Mexico are 3 regions where jellyfish populations have decreased.
What is a Jellyfish?
A jellyfish is a type of invertebrate marine animal belonging to the class Scyphozoa. They have a gelatinous bell-shaped body and long, trailing tentacles, and are usually found in shallow, tropical, and temperate waters of the ocean. Jellyfish use their tentacles to capture prey and sometimes deliver a painful sting.
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which group of small molecules best fit the boxes associated with the reaction shown?
The NAD+ NADH Pi group of small molecules fits best in the box associated with the reaction shown.
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-hydrogen) are small molecules that play an important role in metabolism. They are used as cofactors in many oxidation-reduction reactions.
In particular, NAD+ is involved in the oxidation of organic compounds, accepting electrons and becoming NADH. NADH then donates electrons to an electron transport chain, which generates ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Pi refers to inorganic phosphate and it is used as a substrate in many cellular reactions.
The NAD+ NADH Pi group of small molecules fits best in the box associated with metabolic reactions and energy production. These molecules are used in many metabolic pathways, such as the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain, where they are involved in the transfer of electrons and the production of ATP.
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Match each cell component to its origin.
Match Term Definition
Cell membrane A) Smaller versions in animal cells
Lysosomes B) Plant cell only
Chloroplast C) Animal cell only
Vacuoles D) Both animal and plant cells
The matching of cell component to its origin is as follows:
Cell membrane: Both animal and plant cells. Lysosomes: Animal cells only. Chloroplast: Plant cells only. Vacuoles: Smaller versions in animal cells. What is a Cell membrane?A cell membrane may be characterized as a type of biological membrane that significantly separates and protects the interior atmosphere of all cells from the outside environment. It is typically semipermeable in nature.
The cell membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell. Chloroplast is unique to plant cells that mediated the process of photosynthesis.
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Therefore, the matching of cell components to their origin is well described above.
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Choose three factors to investigate. 2. form hypotheses about how the factors will affect the rate of the reaction. 3. list the steps you will follow to test your hypotheses. consult with your learning coach before performing your experiments. 4. carry out your experiments. be sure to adhere to lab safety rules as you perform the experiments. 5. record your observations. 6. draw conclusions from your experiments. describe the relationships between the three factors you tested and the rate of the reaction. explain whether or not your results support your hypotheses. note any sources of errors. 7. complete a formal laboratory report which includes a heading, materials, hypotheses, procedures, data, and conclusions.
State the problem that you are trying to solve. Make sure that the hypothesis clearly defines the topic and the focus of the experiment.
Do your findings back up your hypothesis?You might state that your findings SUPPORT the original hypothesis. If your original hypothesis does not match the final outcomes of your experiment, do not revise it. Instead, attempt to describe what went wrong with your first theory.
Several components of a laboratory report are frequently designated by titles. TITLE, INTRODUCTION, PROCEDURE, RESULTS, and DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION are typical sections of a report. Section headers should be in boldface if you are typing your work on a computer. A conclusion paragraph includes a summary of the experiment’s objective, a discussion of your significant results, an explanation of your findings, and suggestions for subsequent research.
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Which of the following persons is the least likely to develop "flat feet" as an adult?
a. an Olympic sprinter
b. an Olympic marathon runner
c. a soldier assigned to prolonged guard duty
d. an Olympic weight-lifter
The following individuals are least likely to develop into "flat feet" as adults: Olympic sprinters.
Which vertebrae do you think would have the largest body in comparison to the other parts?In comparison to the posterior, the front part of the body is taller. As a result, the lumbar area of the vertebrae and the develop form the lumbosacral angle.
The only bone that generally moves in respect to the others is which one of the following?Mandible. The only bone in the skull that can be moved is the develop , which creates the lower jaw. The mandible is made up of paired right and left bones at birth, but these bones fuse together during the course of the first year to produce the single U-shaped jaw of the adult skull.
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Calculate the broad-sense heritability (H2 ) of plant height in this species. (Two decimal places (example: 0.12).)
The broad-sense heritability of plant height in this species is -0.20.
The broad-sense heritability (H2) of a trait is a measure of the proportion of the total phenotypic variation that is due to genetic variation. It can be calculated using the following formula:
H2 = (Vg ÷ Vp)
Where Vg is the genetic variance and Vp is the total phenotypic variance.
To calculate the broad-sense heritability of plant height in this species, we will first need to calculate the mean and variance for each strain:
Strain Mean (cm) Variance (cm²)
P1 30.0 3.6
P2 58.0 4.5
F1 44.0 5.7
F2 46.1 10.4
Next, we will use the means and variances of the inbred strains (P1 and P2) and their progeny (F1 and F2) to calculate the genetic and total phenotypic variances.
Vg = (1/2) × (Vp1 + Vp2 - Vf1 - Vf2)
Vp = (Vp1 + Vp2 + Vf1 + Vf2) ÷ 4
Vg = (1/2) × (3.6 + 4.5 - 5.7 - 10.4) = -1.3
Vp = (3.6 + 4.5 + 5.7 + 10.4) ÷ 4 = 6.4
Finally, we can use these values to calculate the broad-sense heritability:
H2 = (Vg ÷ Vp) = -0.2
The broad-sense heritability of plant height in this species is -0.20.But, negative heritability values are not possible in reality.
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The complete question is-
Calculate the broad-sense heritability (H2 ) of plant height in this species. (Two decimal places (example: 0.12).)The mean and variance of plant height of two highly inbred strains (P1 and P2) and their progeny (F1 and F2) are shown here. Variance Strain P1 Mean (cm) 30.0 3.6 58.0 4.5 P2 F1 44.0 5.7 F2 46.1 10.4.
"Inherited genetic variations are caused by genetics only. They are caused by crossing over
and assortment in the development of sex cells in meiosis. The random joining of sex cells can
also be a source of genetic variation. Mutations also cause variations in genetic sequences.
Mutations are always harmful." Is this a true or false statement, explain why?
This given statement about "Inherited genetic variations" is mostly false.
What are the true statement about Inherited genetic variations?It is true that inherited genetic variations are caused by genetics only, specifically the process of meiosis, crossing over and assortment in the development of sex cells, and the random joining of sex cells can also be a source of genetic variation.However, mutations do not always cause harmful variations in genetic sequences. Mutations can be beneficial, neutral or harmful, depending on the context. For example, some mutations can lead to genetic diseases, but others may confer resistance to certain diseases, or result in a beneficial trait such as increased immunity.Moreover, even if a mutation is harmful, it does not mean it will always be harmful. The effects of a mutation can be influenced by other genetic factors and environmental factors, that can affect the phenotype.Therefore, while it is true that inherited genetic variations are caused by genetics only and mutations can cause variations in genetic sequences, the assertion that all mutations are harmful is not accurate.To learn more about inherited genetic variations refer:
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A bird is an example of a
A cell
B a tissue
C an organ system
D an organism
HELP!!! LIMITED TIME!!!!!!!!
Which of these statements applies to a scientific hypothesis but not
to a scientific theory?
Select one:
A. It has been proven to be true by experiments.
B. It consists of tentative statements that can be tested.
C. It is supported by a number of independent observations.
D. It explains a wide range of observations and results.
Answer:
It consists of tentative statements that can be tested.
Explanation:
When referring to a plasmid, it can be said that ________.
a plasmid is a mechanism by which scientists are able to incorporate bacterial DNA into eukaryotic DNA
the plasmid is a circular piece of DNA found in a bacterium
a plasmid is a type of sticky end
the plasmid is found in the eukaryotic cell of interest
a plasmid is an enzyme used in genetic engineering
When referring to a plasmid, it can be said that the plasmid is a circular piece of DNA found in a bacterium.
Plasmids are small extrachromosomal DNA molecules within cells that are physically separated from the chromosomal DNA and capable of independent replication. They are most frequently established as small circular double-stranded DNA molecules in bacteria. However, plasmids can be present in archaea and eukaryotes.
Plasmids occur naturally in bacterial cells and also in some eukaryotes. Genes contained in plasmids often provide bacteria with genetic advantages such as antibiotic resistance. Plasmids are the utmost commonly used bacterial cloning vectors. These cloning vectors contain sites that allow insertion of DNA fragments, such as multiple cloning sites and a polylinker containing several commonly used restriction sites to which DNA fragments can be ligated.
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If the light independent reaction can run without light why does oxygen and glucose production stop ?
The light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) "fix" CO₂ by producing a substance that may be turned into glucose using chemical energy that was previously accumulated from the light-dependent reactions.
What is meant by glucose?
A basic sugar, glucose has the chemical formula C6H12O6. The most prevalent monosaccharide, a type of carbohydrate, is glucose. The majority of plants and algae produce glucose during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide with the help of solar energy, where it is utilised to create cellulose, the most prevalent carbohydrate in nature, in the cell walls.Glucose is the most significant source of energy in all species' energy metabolism.For use in metabolism, glucose is stored as a polymer, mostly as starch and amylopectin in plants and glycogen in mammals. Animals' blood contains glucose as blood sugar.D-glucose is the type of glucose that is created naturally, whereas l-glucose is synthesised in very tiny amounts and has lower biological activity.To learn more about glucose refer to
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Which of the following statements about the metabolism of ethanol (which is present in alcoholic beverages) is incorrect? a) Individuals who produce non-functioning aldehyde dehydrogenase exhibit "fastflushing." b) The process requires two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and isopropyl dehydrogenase. c) Individuals who are "fast-flushers" are less likely to become alcoholics.
d) Aspirin interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase. e) All of the above are correct.
The statement that is incorrect about the metabolism of ethanol is b. The process requires two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.
The metabolism of ethanol in the body involves a series of steps that are primarily carried out by two enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH converts ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is then converted to acetate by ALDH.
"Fast flushing" is a phenomenon that occurs in some individuals who produce a non-functioning form of the ALDH enzyme. This means that the acetaldehyde produced by ADH is not converted to acetate and instead accumulates in the body. This accumulation causes physical symptoms of "flushing," such as redness and warmth of the skin, as well as an increased heart rate and nausea. Individuals who are "fast-flushers" are less likely to become alcoholics due to the unpleasant physical symptoms associated with alcohol consumption. Aspirin interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase which can also cause flushing.
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what is the purpose of cellular respiration
Answer: The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce energy for use in the metabolism of organisms. Cellular respiration is used to generate usable ATP energy in order to support many other reactions in the body. ATP is particularly important for energetically unfavorable reactions that would otherwise not occur without an energy input.
Explanation: Hope this was helpful
can someone represent a ecosystem to me and tell me at least 4 organisms in it?
Representations of the ecosystems is oftentimes put forth as a goal- of conservationists plannings.
What is ecosystem?An ecosystem is a geographic areas where the plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscapes, work togethers to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotics or living, parts, as well as abiotic of the factors, or non-living parts. Biotic factors included the plants, animals, and other organisms.
There are differentions of the organisms, including many type of -producers, consumer's, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, parasites,scavengers, predators, and at the last decomposers.
Species interactions within ecologically webs included four main types of two-way interactions: mutualisms, communallism, competition, and predation (which included herbivory and parasitism).
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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding bulk flow in both animals and plants? Bulk flow in both animals and plants relies on osmosis (much like in fungi) or evaporative pumps. In fact, the mammalian heart and lungs could be considered evaporative pumps. Bulk flow is responsible for the movement of nutrients and hormones in both animals and plants. The vascular systems of both plants and animals are remarkably similar, with identical cell types being observed in the phloem of plants and in the blood vessels of animals. The vascular system of plants and the circulatory system of humans have a mesoglea-like arrangement, with these systems being supported and nourished by a jelly-like substance.
Hormones and nutrients are transported by bulk flow in both plants and animals. Therefore, the third statement is correct.
The movement of small lipid-insoluble proteins, hormones, or solutes through the capillary wall in animals by a mechanism known as bulk flow.
For example, through the circulatory system's arteries and veins, blood travels from high-pressure regions to low-pressure regions. The respiratory surface and the tissues are connected by bulk flow, which the animals use to absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
Bulk flow in plants refers to the transportation of bigger solutes via the phloem or the passage of water from the soil up through the plant to the leaf tissue via the xylem.
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In a typical PCR reaction, describe what is happening in stages occurring at temperature ranges:
92−95∘C.
O Heating to 92−95 ∘C allows the primers to bind to the denatured DNA.
O Heating to 92−95∘C allows the heat stable DNA polymerase an opportunity to extend the primers by adding nucleotides to the 3′ends of each growing strand.
O Heating to 92−95∘C denatures the double-stranded DNA so that it dissociates into single strands.
Heating to 92−95∘C denatures the double-stranded DNA so that it dissociates into single strands in PCR.
The double-stranded DNA is denatured when heated to 92–95°C, which causes it to separate into single strands. In order to make sure that all complex, double-stranded DNA (dDNA) particles are split into single strands for amplification, the reaction temperature is raised to 95 °C and the reaction is incubated for 2–10 min, depending on the features of the enzyme and the complexity of the template. Typically lasting 1-3 minutes, the important preliminary stage is carried out at 94-98°C. Depending on the types of template DNA used in PCR and the buffer's solubility, this step's duration and warmth can change.
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if a molecule has been reduced, which of the following statements must be true?
The molecule that has been reduced has gained electrons, which acts as a source of energy to reduce the molecule.
-The molecule has gained electrons.
-The molecule has a lower oxidation state.
-The molecule is more stable than its oxidized form.
A molecule that has been reduced has gained electrons, thus the first statement is true. This means that the molecule has a lower oxidation state, so the second statement is also true. As a result of the lower oxidation state, the molecule is more stable than its oxidized form, which makes the third statement true.
The molecule that has been reduced has gained electrons, which acts as a source of energy to reduce the molecule. This results in the molecule having a lower oxidation state, meaning it is more stable than its oxidized form. The molecule is now in it's reduced form and has a lower energy state than its oxidized form. The molecule is now more stable and can accept more electrons, thus allowing for further reactions.
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A chemist observes that a large molecule reacts as if it were much
smaller. The chemist proposes that the molecule is folded in a way
that causes it to react differently than expected and develops a
series of experiments to test that proposition. How would the
chemist's proposition be classified?
Select one:
testable question
theory
scientific law
hypothesis
Answer:
The chemist's proposition would be classified as a hypothesis.
Explanation:
The chemist's proposition, that the large molecule is folded in a way that causes it to react differently than expected, is a proposal, idea or explanation, that may not be proven yet, but it is something that can be tested using a series of experiments. That is what makes it a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an explanation that is put forward to explain certain facts, it can be tested through experimentation and observation. If the series of experiments confirms the hypothesis, then it would be considered more likely to be true. But hypothesis are open for change, for being rejected or being accepted, based on the results of the experiment. A scientific law is a statement that describes a phenomenon that has been consistently observed and is accepted as true, usually based on numerous experiments and observations. A theory, on the other hand, is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation.