The arrangement of hydrogen bonds during freezing is what causes water to have a lower density when it solidifies: the water molecules are pushed together.
Why is density important?
The density of a place refers to the quantity of things—which may include people, animals, animals, or objects—there are in it. Multiply the number of items even by area's measurement to determine density. A country's population density is calculated by dividing its total population by its area, expressed in square kilometers or miles.
What is a density unit?
However, kg/m3 is used as the standard SI unit for density. As seen below (t/m3-metric ton per cubic meter), density can be expressed in units of liters or metric tons. It stands for grams per milliliter. kilograms per liter, or kg/L.
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Room temperature is approximately 20°C for scientific purposes. A hot pan on a stove can reach temperatures up to about 260°C. Given this information, what can you conclude about the melting points of sugar and salt?
The melting points of sugar and salt are above 20°C.
What is melting point?The melting points of substances refer to the temperature at which solid substances gain enough energy to become liquids.
The room temperature is approximately 20°C. At this temperature, sugar and salt are solids. This means that the melting temperature of both substances is above 20°C.
More specifically, sugar will melt around 180 °C while salt will melt at a temperature slightly above 800 °C.
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What is the theoretical yield of bromobenzene in this reaction when 24.8 g of benzene reacts with 52.3 g of bromine?
Answer:
49.8 g C₆H₅Br
Explanation:
The theoretical yield is the maximum calculated amount of product that can be made from a reaction. To find the theoretical yield, you need to (1) determine the chemical reaction which is taking place, then (2) calculate the molar masses of the relevant reactants and product, then (3) convert grams of each reactant to grams of bromobenzene (using molar masses and mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficients), and then (4) determine the limiting reagent and the theoretical yield.
(Step 1)
Bromine = Br₂
Benzene = C₆H₆
Bromobenzene = C₆H₅Br
The balanced equation:
Br₂ + 2 C₆H₆ ----> 2 C₆H₅Br + H₂
(Step 2)
Molar Mass (Br₂): 2(79.904 g/mol)
Molar Mass (Br₂): 159.808 g/mol
Molar Mass (C₆H₆): 6(12.011 g/mol) + 6(1.008 g/mol)
Molar Mass (C₆H₆): 78.114 g/mol
Molar Mass (C₆H₅Br): 6(12.011 g/mol) + 5(1.008 g/mol) + 79.904 g/mol
Molar Mass (C₆H₅Br): 157.01 g/mol
(Step 3)
52.3 g Br₂ 1 mole 2 moles C₆H₅Br 157.01 g
----------------- x ------------------ x ------------------------- x --------------- =
159.808 g 1 mole Br₂ 1 mole
= 103 g C₆H₅Br
24.8 g C₆H₆ 1 mole 2 moles C₆H₅Br 157.01 g
------------------- x --------------- x -------------------------- x --------------- =
78.114 g 2 moles C₆H₆ 1 mole
= 49.8 g C₆H₅Br
(Step 4)
Because C₆H₆ produces a smaller amount of product than Br₂, it must be the limiting reagent. This means that it will run out before all of the Br₂ is used up. Therefore, the actual theoretical yield of C₆H₅Br is 49.8 grams.
Decide whether each pair of elements in the table below will form an ionic compound. If they will, write the empirical formula of the compound formed in the
space provided.
element #1 element #2
sulfur
magnesium
sulfur
cesium
cesium
fluorine
magnesium
strontium
Forms ionic
compound?
yes
yes
yes
O yes
no
no
no
no
empirical formula of
ionic compound
0
0
0
0
Do
5
Answer:
1.) Yes, Cs₂S
2.) Yes, MgF₂
3.) Yes, MgS
4.) No
Explanation:
Nonmetals are located on the right side of the periodic table in the p-block. It is safe to assume that all the other elements are metals.
Ionic bonds form between a metal and nonmetal. When determining the empirical formula, the cation (the element losing electrons) is written before the anion (the element gaining electrons). The charges can be balanced by modifying the quantity of element.
1.) Cs₂S
-----> Cesium = metal and Sulfur = nonmetal
-----> Cesium = Cs⁺
-----> Sulfur = S²⁻
2.) MgF₂
-----> Magnesium = metal and Fluorine = nonmetal
-----> Magnesium = Mg²⁺
-----> Fluorine = F⁻
3.) MgS
-----> Magnesium = metal and Sulfur = nonmetal
-----> Magnesium = Mg²⁺
-----> Sulfur = S²⁻
4.) Both cesium and strontium are metals
Read the following sentence starters and descriptions. Identify each as: Claim, Evidence, or Reasoning
Reasoning includes one or more scientific principles in this context.
What is Reasoning?
This involves the thought about something in a sensible and logical manner due to one or more scientific principles being applied.
It is very important to the claim and evidence as it helps ascertain their validity in science.
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C4H4N2 lewis structure and formal charges minimized
The molecule is composed of two nitrogen atoms above and below the plane of four carbon atoms to which four hydrogen atoms are attached.
What is Lewis structure?The Lewis structure shows the arrangement of electrons in atoms of molecules. The molecule C4H4N2 is called pyrazine. It is composed of two nitrogen atoms above and below the plane of four carbon atoms to which four hydrogen atoms are attached.
The structure of the molecule C4H4N2 in which formal charges are minimized is shown in the image attached to this answer.
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9.42 g of lead (ii) nitrate was reacted with 0.655 mol/L potassium iodide to produce 2.64 g of precipitate. What volume of potassium iodide was used in this reaction?
The volume of potassium iodide used will be 0.087 L or 87 mL
Stoichiometric calculationThe equation of the reaction goes thus: [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2(aq) + 2KI --- > PbI_2(s) + 2KNO_3(aq)[/tex]
The mole ratio of the 2 reactants is 1:2.
Mole of 9.42 g [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2[/tex] = 9.42/331.2 = 0.02844 mol
Equivalent mole of KI = 0.02844 x 2 = 0.05688 mol
Volume of 0.05688 mol, 0.655 mol/L KI = 0.05688/0.655 = 0.087 L or 87 mL
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The diagram shows the setup of an experiment. A few observations of the experiment are listed in table below the diagram.
Experimental Observations
Description
1. Color of solution turned blue
2. Shiny hair like crystals deposited on the copper strip
Which of the following is the correct explanation for one of the given observations?
Observation 1 is a result of silver ions moving into the solution.
Observation 2 is a result of nitrate ions moving into the solution.
Observation 1 is a result of silver ions changing their oxidation state.
Observation 2 is a result of silver ions changing their oxidation state.
The proper explanations to the observation are;
Observation 1 is a result of silver ions changing their oxidation state.Observation 2 is a result of silver ions changing their oxidation state.What is a redox reaction?A redox reaction is one in which a specie is oxidized while the other specie is reduced. In the first observation, the color of the solution turned blue and in the second observation, shiny hair like crystals deposited on the copper strip.
Hence;
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How many atoms are in 1.50 g of Al?
(A) 0.0556
(B) 18.0
(C) 3.35 x 10^22
(D) 2.44 x 10^25
Predict the sign of the entropy change, ΔS, for the following processes. Explain the reason for each of the predictions.
I2 (s) + ½ Cl2 (g) ← → ICl (g)
3 Ag (s) + 4 HNO3 (aq) → 3AgNO3 (aq) + NO (g) + 2 H2O (l)
Cl2 (g) → Cl2 (l)
C5H12 (g) + 8 O2 (g) → 5 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l)
( I need the answer today before 11:59)
The sign of the entropy change, ΔS, for the following processes include:
I2 (s) + ½ Cl2 (g) ← → ICl (g) - positive3 Ag (s) + 4 HNO3 (aq) → 3AgNO3 (aq) + NO (g) + 2 H2O (l) - positiveCl2 (g) → Cl2 (l) - negativeC5H12 (g) + 8 O2 (g) → 5 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) - negativeWhat is Entropy?
This is referred to the degree of randomness or disorderliness of a system and is denoted as S.
Entropy change is usually positive when solid or liquid reactant is converted into gas product and vice versa.
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I need help with homework
The equation that conforms with the particle model is 4C + 6O2 ----> 4CO2 + 2O2.
What is a chemical reaction?The term chemical reaction has to do with the combination of substances to give products. We know that reactants and products must follow the law of conservation of mass.
Hence, the equation that conforms with the particle model is 4C + 6O2 ----> 4CO2 + 2O2.
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S + 6 HNO3 --> H₂SO4 + 6 NO₂ + 2 H₂O In the above equation how many moles of H₂SO4 can be made when 7 moles of HNO3 are consumed?
Answer:
1.17 moles H₂SO₄
Explanation:
To find the moles H₂SO₄, you need to multiply the given value by the mole-to-mole ratio. This ratio is made up of the coefficients of the relevant molecules from the balanced chemical equation. It is important to arrange the ratio in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
S + 6 HNO₃ ------> 1 H₂SO₄ + 6 NO₂ + 2 H₂O
^ ^
7 moles HNO₃ 1 mole H₂SO₄
----------------------- x ------------------------ = 1.17 moles H₂SO₄
6 moles HNO₃
Given the reaction below, if 0.003 g of carbon dioxide is used up, how many grams of oxygen will be produced? (show work)
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
How is the rate of a reflection affected when the temperature increases
The rate of a reflection decreases when the temperature increases
This goes to say that the rate of reflection will go down more whenever there is an increase in temperature
What is reflection?Reflection can simply be defined as the the throwing back by a body of light without absorbing it.
reflection of
In conclusion, the rate of a reflection decreases when the temperature increases
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How many moles of chlorine gas at 120. °C
and 33.3 atm would occupy a vessel of 11.5
L?
Answer:
11.9 moles Cl₂
Explanation:
To find the number of moles, you need to use the Ideal Gas Law. The equation looks like this:
PV = nRT
In this equation,
-----> P = pressure (atm)
-----> V = volume (L)
-----> n = moles
-----> R = constant (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)
-----> T = temperature (K)
Before you can plug the given values into the equation, you first need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.
P = 33.3 atm R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K
V = 11.5 L T = 120. °C + 273.15 = 393.15 K
n = ? moles
PV = nRT
(33.3 atm)(11.5 L) = n(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(393.15 K)
382.95 = n(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(393.15 K)
382.95 = (32.2776)n
11.9 = n
The molar heat of fusion of gold is 12.550 kJ mol–1. At its melting point, how much mass of melted gold must solidify to release 235.0 kJ of energy?
The mass of melted gold to release the energy would be 3, 688. 8 Kg
How to determine the massThe formula for quantity of energy is given thus;
Q = n × HF
Where n represents number of moles
HF represents heat of fusion
To find the number of moles, we have
235.0 = n × 12.550
number of moles = [tex]\frac{235}{12. 550}[/tex] = 18. 725 moles
Note that molar mass of Gold is 197g/ mol
Let's note that;
Number of moles = mass/ molar mass
Mass = number of moles × molar mass
Mass = 18. 725 × 197
Mass = 3, 688. 8 Kg
Thus, the mass of melted gold to release the energy would be 3, 688. 8 Kg
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Select all the correct answers.
A worker is holding a filled gas cylinder still. Which two sentences are true about the energy of the filled gas cylinder?
A man in a blue dress holding a red color cylinder
It has no energy because it’s being held still.
It has gravitational potential energy because of its height.
Its atoms and molecules have thermal energy.
It has motion energy because it will fall if let go.
Its kinetic energy is being converted to potential energy.
Reset Next
The true statements are:
It has gravitational potential energy because of its height.Its atoms and molecules have thermal energy.What is energy?Energy is the ability to do work.
Energy can exist in many form, two of which are kinetic and potential energy.
The worker is holding a filled gas cylinder still gives the gas potential energy by lifting it above the ground.
The molecules of the gas also has kinetic energy by virtue of their constant random motion resulting in thermal energy.
In conclusion, the energy of the filled gas is both potential and kinetic.
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Calculate the freezing point of a solution that contains 8.0 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 100 g of H2O. Kf for H2O = 1.86C/m
Group of answer choices
A. 0.44 degrees Celsius
B. 0.044 degrees Celsius
C. 0.39 degress Celsius
D. 0.22 degress Celsius
The freezing point of the sucrose solution is -0.435°C.
What is the freezing point of the solution?The freezing point of the solution is determined from the freezing point depression formula below:
ΔT = mKf(H₂O)Kf(H₂O) = 1.86 Cm
m is molality of solution = moles of solute/mass of solvent
moles of sucrose = 8.0/342.3 = 0.0233 moles
m = 0.0233/0.1 = 0.233 molal
ΔT = 0.233 m * 1.86°C/m.
ΔT = 0.435 °C.
Freezing point of sucrose solution = 0°C - 0.435°C
Freezing point of sucrose solution = -0.435°C.
In conclusion, the freezing point of sucrose solution is determined from the freezing point depression.
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How is the kinetic energy of the particles of a substance affected during a phase change?
O Kinetic energy increases during exothermic changes and decreases during endothermic changes.
O Kinetic energy decreases during exothermic changes and increases during endothermic changes.
O Kinetic energy does not change, but the potential energy does.
O Kinetic energy changes in the opposite way that the potential energy changes.
Answer:
O Kinetic energy does not change, but the potential energy does
If you start with 4 moles of iron and 3 moles of oxygen to produce iron oxide, what is the limiting reagent? (You will need to balance the equation first.) Fe + O2 -> Fe2O3
A. they are equal
B.Fe
C. O2
D.Fe2O3
The correct statement regarding the limiting reactant for the reaction between 4 moles of iron and 3 moles of oxygen is: They are both equal. (Option A)
Balanced equationWe'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction between iron and oxygen. This is given below:
4Fe + 3O₂ --> 2Fe₂O₃
SUMMARY
From the balanced equation above,
4 moles of Fe reacted with 3 moles of O₂
How to determine the limiting reactantThe limiting reactant is the reactant that is consumed completly in a chemical reaction.
The limiting reactant can be obtain as illustrated below:
From the balanced equation above,
4 moles of Fe reacted with 3 moles of O₂
From the illustration above, we can see that 3 moles of Fe required 4 moles of O₂ for complete reaction.
Thus, Fe and O₂ are both the limiting reactant.
Therefore, we can conclude that Fe and O₂ are equal
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12 Igneous rocks are formed by (1) sedimentation (2) fossilization (3) volcanic activity (4) freezing/thawing cycles
According to the research, the correct option is 3, Igneous rocks are those formed from a molten product from volcanic activity.
What are Igneous rocks?They are rocks of high resistance, isotropy, brittleness and density that are created from the cooling and solidification of the magma, whether fragmented or compact, that form at erupting volcanoes, that is, this substance, made up of molten rocks and other elements, is found inside the planet.
When the cooling process takes place superficially and quickly, extrusive igneous rocks are produced, among which are obsidian and basalt, they usually appear after the eruption of a volcano, since the ejected lava solidifies.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is 3, Igneous rocks are those formed from a molten product from volcanic activity.
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What is the pH of a 0.0100 M sodium benzoate solution? Kb (C7H5O2-, ) = 1.5 x 10^-10
A) 0.38
B) 5.91
C) 8.09
D) 9.82
E) 13.62
The pH of a 0.0100 M sodium benzoate solution with a Kb of 1.5 × 10-¹⁰ is 5.91 (option B).
How to calculate pH?The pH of a solution in chemistry refers to the notation expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
The pH is measured on a logarithmic scale of which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid and higher values more alkaline.
The pH of a solution can be calculated using the following formula;
pH = - log {H+}
pH = - log {0.0100}
pH = 2
Therefore, the pH of a 0.0100 M sodium benzoate solution with a Kb of 1.5 × 10-¹⁰ is 5.91.
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Draw a levelled diagram of a Daniel cell and write the half cell equations.
The labelled diagram of Daniell cell is as shown below
The half-reactions of oxidation and reduction taking place on electrodes are shown:
Oxidation at anode: Zn(s)→Zn 2+(aq)+2e −
Reduction at cathode: Cu 2+ (aq)+2e − →Cu(s)
What is Daniell Cell?
A Daniell cell is the best model of a galvanic cell which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The Daniell cell consists of two electrodes of different metals, Zn and Cu; each electrode is in communication with a solution of its own ion; Zinc sulphate and copper sulphate respectively.
What is the distinction between Daniel cell and voltaic cell?The key difference between Daniell cell and galvanic cell is that Daniell cell operates only copper and zinc as electrodes whereas a galvanic cell can have a mixture of metals as electrodes.
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A 3.82 g piece of limestone contains 2.62 g of CaCO3
. Based on these results, what is the mass percentage of CaCO3
in limestone?
Considering the definition of percentage by mass, the mass percentage of CaCO₃ is 68.59%.
What is mass percentageThe percentage by mass expresses the concentration and indicates the amount of mass of solute present in 100 grams of solution.
In other words, the percentage by mass of a component of the solution is defined as the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution, expressed as a percentage.
The percentage by mass is calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution, the result of which is multiplied by 100 to give a percentage. This is:
[tex]mass percentage=\frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution}x100[/tex]
Mass percentage of CaCO₃In this case, you know:
mass of CaCO₃: 2.62 gramsmass of limestone: 3.82 gramsReplacing in the definition of mass percentage:
[tex]mass percentage=\frac{2.62 grams}{3.82 grams}x100[/tex]
mass percentage= 68.59 %
Finally, the mass percentage of CaCO₃ is 68.59%.
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What volume would 20.0 moles of sulfur
dioxide occupy at 75.3 °C with a pressure of
3.50 atm? Answer is in L
Answer:
163 L
Explanation:
To find the volume, you need to use the Ideal Gas Law. The equation looks like this:
PV = nRT
In this equation,
-----> P = pressure (atm)
-----> V = volume (L)
-----> n = moles
-----> R = constant (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)
-----> T = temperature (K)
Before you can plug the given values into the equation, you first need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.
P = 3.50 atm R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K
V = ? L T = 75.3 °C + 273.15 = 348.45 K
n = 20.0 moles
PV = nRT
(3.50 atm)V = (20.0 moles)(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(348.45 K)
(3.50 atm)V = 572.1549
V = 163 L
Modeling Periodic Trends 1:
Why are periodic trends useful?
What are some examples of periodic trends?
What is ionization energy?
What was the purpose of creating your three-dimensional model?
Answer these questions in the discussion and conclusion of your Lab Report:
How does your model represent ionization energy?
What happens to the ionization energy of elements as you move from left to right across a period? Explain the trend.
What happens to the ionization energy of elements as you move down a group? Explain the trend.
In reactions between metals and nonmetals, metals tend to form cations while nonmetals tend to form anions. How does your model show this trend?
The periodic trend is very useful because it helps is understand the properties and reactivities of elements in chemical reactions
Some examples of periodic trends are:
Melting and boiling pointIonization energyElectron affinityElectronegativityAtomic size/ radiusIonic size / radiusWhat is ionization energy?Ionization energy can simply be defined as that energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom of an element in a gaseous state to form a gaseous ions l
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I need help with the solution
Answer:
1
Explanation:
The empirical formula describes the simplest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound. To find this formula, you need to (1) convert grams of each element to moles (via their atomic masses) and then (2) find the ratio of each element (by dividing each molar value by the smallest mole value).
(Step 1)
Atomic Mass (Zn): 65.380 g/mol
Atomic Mass (C): 12.011 g/mol
Atomic Mass (O): 15.998 g/mol
10.40 grams Zn 1 mole
------------------------ x ------------------------ = 0.159 moles Zn
65.380 grams
1.92 grams C 1 mole
--------------------- x ----------------------- = 0.160 moles C
12.011 grams
7.68 grams O 1 mole
---------------------- x ------------------------ = 0.480 moles O
15.998 grams
(Step 2)
0.159 moles Zn / 0.159 = 1 atom Zn
0.160 moles C / 0.159 = 1 atom C
0.480 moles O / 0.159 = 3 atom O
The empirical formula is Zn₁C₁O₃. Therefore, the value that should be in the space is 1.
Conversion factors are useful in solving problems in which a given measurement must be expressed in
a. some other unit of measure.
b. the correct precision.
c. the correct number of significant digits.
d. scientific notation.
Conversion factors are useful in solving problems in which a given measurement must be expressed in some other units of measure.
Conversion factors are helpful in solving issues where one unit of measurement needs to be expressed in another. In general, a measurement's numerical value changes when it is multiplied by a conversion factor, while the quantity being measured's real size stays the same.
A conversion factor is a number that is used to multiply or divide one set of units into another. If a conversion is required, it must be done using the correct conversion factor to get an identical value. For instance, 12 inches equals one foot when converting between inches and feet.
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When a solution of sodium hydroxide is mixed with iron (II) chloride, a green precipitate is formed. What is the balanced equation for that reaction?
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2NaOH(aq) + FeCl₂(aq) --> 2NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)₂(s)
What is a chemical equation?Chemical equations are representations of chemical reactions using symbols and formula of the reactants and products.
The reactants are located on the left side while the products are located on the right side.
Reactants —> Products
The balancing of chemical equations follows the law of conservation of matter which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but can be transferred from one form to another.
How to write the balanced equationSodium hydroxide => NaOH
Iron (II) chloride => FeCl₂
2NaOH(aq) + FeCl₂(aq) --> 2NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)₂(s)
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What is the name of Pb(NO3)2? Explain how you determined the bond type and the steps you used to determine the naming convention for the compound.
The name of Pb(NO3)2 of is Lead II trioxonitrate V
The bond which exist in is Lead II trioxonitrate V ( Pb(NO3)2 ) are both ionic and covalent bond
What is a compound?A compound is a substance which contains two or more elements chemically combined together
So therefore, the name of Pb(NO3)2 of is Lead II trioxonitrate V
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If you react 9.10g of vinyl chloride with 7.80g of oxygen, what is the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide
The theoretical yield of the CO2 produced is 4.22 g.
What is the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide?The balanced reaction equation is;
2C2H3Cl + 5O2 ------>2CO2 + 2H2O + 2HCl
Number of moles of vinyl chloride = 9.10g /62 g/mol = 0.15 moles
Number of moles of oxygen = 7.80g/32 g/mol = 0.24 moles
Now;
2 moles of C2H3Cl reacts with 5 moles of oxygen
0.15 moles of C2H3Cl reacts with 0.15 moles * 5 moles / 2 moles
= 0.375 moles
Hence oxygen is the limiting reactant;
5 moles of oxygen produces 2 moles of CO2
0.24 moles of oxygen produces 0.24 moles * 2 moles /5 moles
= 0.096 moles
Mass of CO2 produced = 0.096 moles * 44 g/mol
= 4.22 g
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