Isotopes of an element do not necessarily have the same neutron number or mass number, but they must have the same atomic number.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, resulting in different atomic masses. Therefore, isotopes of an element may have different mass numbers, but they always have the same atomic number, which is the number of protons in their nuclei.
For gold-197, the two closest isotopes would be gold-196 and gold-198, which have one less and one more neutron, respectively. Therefore, the isotopes of gold-197 would be written as: gold-196, gold-197, gold-198.
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Air that is not saturated will cool or heat at a rate of __________________ as it rises or descends, respectively
Air that is not saturated will cool or heat at a rate of 10 degrees C/1000 meters as it rises or descends, respectively
The rate of the change in temperature which is observed while moving upward in the earth's atmosphere with elevation. It can be positive, negative and zero when the temperature decreases, increases or is constant with the elevation respectively.
For the atmosphere, the drop in temperature of rising air that is unsaturated air is about 10 degrees C/1000 meters (5.5 °F per 1000 feet) altitude.
That means if a there occur a rise of 1000 m , then the temperature of that thing will decrease to 10 degrees. Every 10°C of temperature from the given temperature will decrease at every rise of 1000 m .Air that is not saturated will cool or heat at a rate of 10 degrees C/1000 meters as it rises or descends, respectively
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A swimming pool is 4.0 m in depth; a swimmer at this depth feels discomfort in the ear. Calculate the net force on a 0.50-cm-diameter eardrum, assuming the inner surface of the eardrum remains at 1 atm pressure
The net force on a 0.50-cm-diameter eardrum is mathematically given as
F= 0.76969 N
What is the net force on a 0.50-cm-diameter eardrum?
Generally, the equation for Pressure is mathematically given as
P = ρgh
Therefore
P= 1000*9.8*4
P= 39200 Pa
Where
A= pi*(0.005/2)^2
Generally, the equation for Net force is mathematically given as
F = PA
F= 39200 *( pi*(0.005/2)^2)
F= 0.76969 N
In conclusion, The net force is
F= 0.76969 N
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Differences between sublimation and condensation
The difference between sublimation and condensation is that
Sublimation is used to in a separation technique to separate sublime substance from a mixture while condensation is the
is the process where water vapor becomes liquid
What is separation technique?This technique is used in chemistry to separate two or more constituents from a mixture
In conclusion, sublimation differs from condensation because sublimation is used to in a separation technique to separate sublime substance from a mixture while condensation is the
is the process where water vapor becomes liquid
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The amount of straight pipe needed to bend a given radius. Also, the actual length of the conduit that will be bent.
Development length: The actual length of the bent conduit. Gain: Since a conduit bends radially rather than at an angle, the total length will not match the length required for all bends. Gain is the amount of space that is saved by a [tex]90^{0}[/tex] curve.
Bent ConduitConduit benders from Klein Tools are built to function and last longer than even the highest professional standards. To ensure a favourable experience and significantly enhance the final result of your project, it is advised that you become familiar with bending concepts, procedures, and the bender's capabilities. The benders are labelled with various alignment symbols to enable the operator make the bends required to complete any job. This aids bending while executing a ground or air bend. Arrow, teardrop, star point, and angle markings are the symbols on the Klein Tools benders. On certain bender head sides, you can see these markings.
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7. A battery is used to light a 24 W electric lamp. The battery provides a charge of 120 C in
60 s.
TH
24W
What is the potential difference across the lamp?
Answer:
power p =24 watt
charge q=120 C
time t = 60s
let V be the potential difference
we know that
work done =qV = pt
qV = Pxt
120V = 24 * 60
V = (24 * 60) / 120
V = 12 volts
A thin copper rod that is 1.0 m long and has a mass of 0.050 kg is in a magnetic field of 0.10 T. What minimum current in the rod is needed in order for the magnetic force to cancel the weight of the rod? A thin copper rod that is 1.0 m long and has a mass of 0.050 kg is in a magnetic field of 0.10 T. What minimum current in the rod is needed in order for the magnetic force to cancel the weight of the rod? 7.6 A 2.5 A 9.8 A 4.9 A 1.2 A
The minimum current in the rod needed is 4.9 A for the magnetic force to cancel the weight of the rod.
What is a magnetic field?
A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials.
A moving charge in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to its velocity and the magnetic field.
Force on a current carrying rod due to the magnetic field is given as:
F = i*L*B
Where,
i is current in the rod.
L is the length of rod = 1 m
B is magnetic field = 0.10 T
Here,
The Magnetic force is balanced by the weight of the rod
i*L*B = m*g
i* ( 1 )* ( 0.10 ) = 0.05 * 9.8
i = 4.9 A
Hence, option d is correct.
The minimum current in the rod needed is 4.9 A for the magnetic force to cancel the weight of the rod.
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use the tools to measure the velocity of the cart after the string was cut. This velocity will be a constant on a smooth surface (after the spring is no longer pulling). What value did you get for the velocity
The value gotten for the velocity after using the use the tools to measure the velocity of the cart after the string was cut is positive
What is velocity?Velocity can simply be defined as the rate of change of displacement with time
Velocity is measured in meters per second (m/s)
So therefore, thee value gotten for the velocity after using the use the tools to measure the velocity of the cart after the string was cut is positive
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What happens if :
. The test charge is not tiny.
The magnitude of the test charge must be small enough so that it does not disturb the issuance of the charges whose electric field we wish to measure otherwise the metric field will be different from the actual field.
How does test charge affect electric field?As the quantity of authority on the test charge (q) is increased, the force exerted on it is improved by the same factor. Thus, the ratio of force per charge (F / q) stays the same.
Adjusting the amount of charge on the test charge will not change the electric field force.
What is a test charge used for?The charge that is used to measure the electric field strength is directed to as a test charge since it is used to test the field strength. The test charge has a portion of charge denoted by the symbol q.
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A marching band is practicing. The band director sees the drum major hit a drum. How far away is the director if he hears the drumbeat in 0.40 seconds
The director is 132 meters away from the marching band when the sound travels to him at 330 m/s.
The speed of sound is 330 m/s.
Time taken by sound to travel = 0.40 seconds
Speed = Distance/Time
The temperature of the air that the sound travels through affects the speed of the sound. Assuming an air temperature of 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius), the speed of sound at sea level on Earth is 761.2 mph (1,225 km/h).
The speed of sound is slowed down because gas molecules move more slowly at lower temperatures; sound travels more quickly through warmer air. As a result, higher in the atmosphere, where it is colder, the speed needed to break the sound barrier drops.
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The technique called adaptive optics uses dynamic mirror motion to enhance the performance of the new generation of spaced-based telescopes. True False
The mentioned statement is true.
What is adaptive optics(AO)?
Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique that enhances optical systems' performance by minimizing the impact of incoming wavefront aberrations and deforming a mirror to account for the distortion. It is employed in microscopy, optical manufacturing, and retinal imaging systems to lessen optical aberrations and in astronomical telescopes and infrared communication devices to eliminate the impacts of environmental turbulence. Using a technology that adjusts flaws, including a flexible reflector or a liquid crystal array, adaptive optics(AO) measures the abnormalities in a wavefront and adjusts them.How can adaptive optics(AO) enhance a telescope's capabilities?
To counteract the impacts of disturbance, it quickly modifies the telescope mirror's shape.A moderately luminous target star that is adjacent to the target being studied is necessary for adaptive optics. With the use of the deformable mirror, the blurring brought on by the nearby atmosphere is measured using this reference star.Therefore, it is concluded that the mentioned statement is true.
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a ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial speed of 20 m/s. What is the velocity right before returning to y
The ball's return velocity is (-20 m/s) before reaching its starting location.
According to the 3rd equation of motion-
When an item is propelled higher by gravity, it progressively slows down until it achieves its maximum height.The earth's gravitational pull causes it to turn around after reaching its highest peak and fall freely back to the ground.An object that is falling freely has a starting velocity of "0"
The object accelerates at a rate of "g."
Let 'h' represent the distance the item travels while in free fall.
We can now get the ultimate velocity of the object shortly before it touches the earth with this equation,
v²=u²+2as
Assume that the ball returns to its originating place at "v". Although the ball's orientation changes as it returns to its original place, its speed stays constant.A positive direction should point upward, while a negative direction should point below.Calculation-
For upward motion,
providing that,
The ball's initial speed is u = +20 m/s.
So, v²= u² + 2as
⇒0= (20)² - 2gH [ where 'H' = maximum height reached]
⇒H= 400/2g
For downward motion,
v²=u²+2as
⇒v²= 0²+2g*400/2g
⇒v²= 400 m/s
⇒v= 20 m/s
Therefore, the ball's return velocity is (-20 m/s) before reaching its starting location.
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A block with a mass of 2kg is pushed 20cm and a constant speed up an incline that makes a 40 degree angle with the floor. how much work is done by gravity on the block ? let d be the displacement of the block.
work done will be 2.5872 J
Given :
mass of block = 2kg
distance travelled by block = 20cm
angle of inclination = 40°
To Find :
Work done by gravity
Solution :
Gravity is defined as the force that attracts a body towards the earth or towards any other physical body having mass.
work done by gravity is mgh
If θ is the angle made when the body falls, the work done by gravity is given by,
W = m g h cosθ
W = 2 x 9.8 x 0.2 x cos40°
= 2.5872 J
So work done will be 2.5872 J
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Maryam is driving her car when she glances at the temperature displayed on her dashboard. It says that the temperature is currently 78 degrees outside. This temperature is called a ___.
Answer: Maryam is driving her car when she glances at the temperature displayed on her dashboard. It says that the temperature is currently 78 degrees outside. This temperature is called a Sensation.
Explanation: To find the answer, we need to know more about the Sensation, perception and psychophysics.
What is sensation, perception and psychophysics?Sensation can be defined as the process by which the physical energy from objects in the world stimulates the sense organs.The process in which the brain interprets and organizes this sense of information is called, Perception.The branch of physics that deals with the study of how physical properties of stimuli connected with the people's experience of stimuli is called the Psychophysics.Thus, we can conclude that, the process of sensation happens here.
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Magnetic field lines point _____ north poles and _____ south poles
Magnetic field lines point leave north poles and enter south poles.
What are Magnetic field lines?This is referred to as the direction that a small compass points when placed at a location.
They are closed curves which runs from the north pole and enters the south pole thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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Based on all we know about the terrestrial worlds, what single factor appears to play the most important role in a terrestrial planet's geological destiny?
Based on all we know about the terrestrial worlds, the single factor appears to play the most important role in a terrestrial planet's geological destiny is size size of terrestrial planet .
According to the question
Terrestrial Planets:
They belongs to a class of planets that are like the earth
Geological destiny :
Geology is biological destiny: Whatever minerals land or are deposited in a place determine what or who can make a living there millions of years later
Based on all we know about the terrestrial worlds, what single factor appears to play the most important role in a terrestrial planet's geological destiny
i.e
The size of terrestrial planet is one of the factors to play the most important role in a terrestrial planet's geological destiny
which determines how long the planet can retain internal heat, which drives geological activity because Smaller worlds cool off faster and harden earlier .
Hence, Based on all we know about the terrestrial worlds, the single factor appears to play the most important role in a terrestrial planet's geological destiny is size size of terrestrial planet .
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It is well known that for a hollow, cylindrical shell rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface, half of the total kinetic energy is translational and half is rotational. What fraction of the total kinetic energy is rotational for the following objects rolling brainly
The fraction of the total kinetic energy that is rotational for a uniform sphere is 1/3.
What is kinetic energy?Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion. If work, which transfers energy, is done on an object by applying a net force, the object speeds up and thereby gains kinetic energy.Option (a) [tex]f = \frac{0.5}{1.5} = \frac{1}{3}[/tex]
Option (b) uniform sphere
[tex]f = \frac{2}{7}[/tex]
C) uniform hollow sphere
[tex]f = \frac{2}{5}[/tex]
D) uniform hollow cylinder with inner radius R/2 and outer radius R
[tex]f = \frac{5}{13}[/tex]
that fraction of total energy as rotational energy is given as
[tex]f = \frac{\frac{1}{2}Iw^{2} }{\frac{1}{2}mv^{2} + \frac{1}{2} Iw^{2} }[/tex]
[tex]f = \frac{m k^{2}(\frac{v^{2} }{R^{2} }) }{mv^{2} + m k^{2}(\frac{v^{2} }{R^{2} } )}[/tex]
[tex]f = \frac{\frac{k^{2} }{R^{2} } }{1 + \frac{k^{2} }{R^{2} } }[/tex]
A) uniform Solid cylinder for cylinder we know that
[tex]\frac{k\\ ^{2} }{R^{2} }[/tex] = 0.5
[tex]f = \frac{0.5}{1.5} = \frac{1}{3}[/tex]
B) uniform Sphere for sphere we know that
[tex]\frac{k^{2} }{R^{2} } = \frac{2}{5} \\[/tex]
[tex]f = \frac{0.4}{1.4} = \frac{2}{7}[/tex]
C) uniform hollow sphere for hollow sphere we know that
[tex]\frac{k^{2} }{R^{2} } = \frac{2}{3}[/tex]
[tex]f = \frac{\frac{2}{3} }{\frac{5}{3} } = \frac{2}{5}[/tex]
D) uniform hollow cylinder with inner radius R/2 and outer radius R for annular cylinder
[tex]\frac{k^{2} }{R^{2} } = \frac{5}{8}[/tex]
[tex]f = \frac{\frac{5}{18} }{\frac{13}{8} } = \frac{5}{13}[/tex]
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The complete question is -
It is well known that for a hollow, cylindrical shell rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface, half of the total kinetic energy is translational and half is rotational. What fraction of the total kinetic energy is rotational for the following objects rolling without slipping on a horizontal surface?Part AA uniform solid cylinder.Part BA uniform sphere.Part CA thin-walled hollow sphere.Part DA hollow, cylinder with outer radius R and inner radius R/2.
The figure in Figure 1 shows two single-slit diffraction patterns. The distance between the slit and the viewing screen is the same in both cases. Which of the following could be true
Answer:
"The wavelengths are the same for both. The width of slit 1 is larger than the width of slit 2."
Explanation:
The full question has not been provided, so I just copied this into the web and found this answer and explanation on quizlet:
"The wavelengths are the same for both. The width of slit 1 is larger than the width of slit 2.
D sin θ = m λ
if the wavelengths are the same, then if the angle is smaller, the slit width must be larger. The top photo shows a pattern that is more closely spaced. That means the angle is smaller. The slit width must be larger."
This answer/explanation should be correct, as we are looking at bright fringes and the formula being used corresponds to the parameters of the question.
Hope this helps!
The Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision states there are three different cones that process different wavelengths of light. These wavelengths correspond to the colors: Group of answer choices
These wavelengths correspond to the colors: green, red, blue
What is wavelength:
The wavelength of visible light determines the color that the light appears. Light with the longest wavelength appears red, and light with the shortest wavelength appears violet.
what is The Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision:
Trichromatic theory states that there are three types of receptor cells in the retina, which reacts to the light of three different wavelength.
These receptor cells are responsible for perception of colors.
A spectrally pure or monochromatic color can be produced by a single wavelength.
According to Trichromatic theory of color vision,
The colors are: green, blue and red.
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Which nucleus completes the following equation?
22 Fr He+?
A. 226/85 At
B. 226/89 Ac
C. 222/89 Ac
D. 218/85 At
The nucleus that completes the equation given above is 218/85 At, which is option D.
What is a nuclear fission?Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which a large nucleus splits into smaller ones with the simultaneous release of energy.
According to this question, the following nuclear fission reaction is given: 222/87Fr = 4/2He+ ?
To find the missing nucleus, we subtract 4 from 222 to get 218, therefore, the nucleus that completes the equation given above is 218/85 At.
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What is the voltage drop across the 10.0 ohm resistor?
The voltage across all the resistors is the same i.e 120V
Each element of the parallel circuit has the same voltage applied to it. The total current flowing from the source is equal to the sum of the currents across each path. The electric potential difference (V) across each resistor in a parallel circuit is the same. Ohm's law states that I = V / R applies to the current in a resistor. The current will be lowest where the resistance is highest since the V is the same for each resistor. The currents passing through each resistor in a parallel combination have the same voltage across them because of their different resistance values and the laws of Ohms i., If two or more components are connected in parallel, they will be having same difference of potential (voltage) across their ends Parallel circuits are then used as current dividers.
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If we have a sample of silicon (si) atoms that has 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 18 neutrons
Its silicon-32 because if you want to find an isotope, you have to add the number of protons (14) and number of neutrons (18) to get 32 as your total.
There are 23 known isotopes of silicon (14Si), with mass numbers ranging from 22 to 44. Stable isotopes include 28Si (92.23 percent), 29Si (4.67 percent), and 30Si (3.1 percent). The longest-lived radioisotope is Si-32, which is created by argon cosmic ray spallation.
What is the half-life of an ionic compound with a mass of 32?silicon-32 has a half-life of about 150 years (with a decay energy of 0.21 MeV) and decays by beta emission to 32P (which has a half-life of 14.28 days) and then to 32S. Si-32 has the second longest half-life after Si-32, at 157.3 minutes. All others have half-lives of less than 7 seconds.
Which element has the heaviest stable isotope?Bismuth, the 83rd element, was previously thought to have the heaviest stable isotope, bismuth-209, but in 2003, researchers in Orsay, France, measured the half-life of 209 Bismuth to be 1.91019 years. Only isotopes of technetium and promethium, as well as all elements with an atomic number greater than 82, are known to decompose via radioactive decay. Because no undiscovered elements are expected to be stable, lead is regarded as the heaviest stable element.
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At 30° north latitude, at the northern edge of tropical (hadley) cell convection in the northern hemisphere, ________.
a. cool
b. dry
c. air sinks
d. becoming drier as it heats up
At 30° north latitude, at the northern edge of tropical (Hadley) cell convection in the northern hemisphere d. becoming drier as it heats up
Hadley cells: A cell in the tropics is called Hadley cell. Ferrel cells: In the middle latitudes the circulation is that of sinking cold air that comes from the poles and the rising warm air that blows from the subtropical high. At the surface these winds are called westerlies and the cell is known as the Ferrel cell.
As air is warmed at the equator it becomes less dense and rises, while at the poles the cold air is denser and sinks.
Because of the rotation of the Earth and the Coriolis Effect, rather than a single atmospheric convection cell in each hemisphere, there are three major cells per hemisphere. Warm air rising at the equator cools as it moves through the upper atmosphere, and it descends at around 30° latitude.
The convection cells created by rising air at the equator and sinking air at 30° are referred to as Hadley Cells, of which there is one in each hemisphere. The cold air that descends at the poles moves over the Earth’s surface towards the equator, and by about 60° latitude it begins to rise, creating a Polar Cell between 60° and 90°.
correct option is d. becoming drier as it heats up
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Your older brother approaches a stop sign at a velocity of 14 m/s [E] as the light turns amber, He applies the brakes to get the maximum stopping force while avoiding skidding. The car has a mass of 1500 kg, and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road is 1.07. Ignoring your brother's reaction time, calculate:
a) The maximum deceleration of the car
b) The stopping distance
The maximum deceleration of the car is 10.5 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex] approximately. While the stopping distance is 9.3 m
What is Stopping Force ?
Stopping force is the force required to stop the object in motion. Stopping force is tantamount to frictional force.
Given that a brother approaches a stop sign at a velocity of 14 m/s [E] as the light turns amber, He applies the brakes to get the maximum stopping force while avoiding skidding. The car has a mass of 1500 kg, and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road is 1.07. Ignoring your brother's reaction time.
The given parameters are;
Velocity V = 14 m/sMass m = 1500 kgCoefficient of friction μ = 1.07Deceleration a = ?Stopping distance S = ?The normal reaction N = mg
N = 1500 x 9.8
N = 14700 N
The stopping force = μN = ma
1.07 x 14700 = 1500a
15729 = 1500a
a = 15729/1500
a = 10.486 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
From 3rd equation of motion
[tex]V^{2}[/tex] = [tex]U^{2}[/tex] + 2aS
where U = 0
[tex]14^{2}[/tex] = 2 x 10.486 x S
196 = 20.972S
S = 196/20.972
S = 9.3 m
Therefore, the maximum deceleration of the car is 10.5 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex] approximately. While the stopping distance is 9.3 m
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What is the strength of the intermolecular forces between liquid and gas
A machine has a mechanical advantage of 0.6. what force should be applied to the machine to make it apply 600 n to an object? 100 n 360 n 1000 n 3600 n
Answer:
frictional force, should be applied to the machine
Answer: C) 1000N is needed to be applied.
Explanation: Have a Good day!!
A 5.0-kg object is suspended by a string from the ceiling of an elevator that is accelerating downward at a rate of 2.6 m/s 2. What is the tension in the string
The tension in the string is 36 N.
To find the answer, we need to know about pseudo acceleration.
What's pseudo acceleration?When an object is placed on a vehicle, it experiences a pseudo acceleration in the opposite direction of the motion of the vehicle. Magnitude of the pseudo acceleration is same as that of the acceleration of vehicle.What's the pseudo acceleration of a mass suspended in a lift that's moving downward with an acceleration of 2.6 m/s²?Here, the acceleration of the lift is 2.6m/s², so the mass suspended by a string inside it will feel a pseudo acceleration of 2.6m/s² upward.So the effective acceleration of the mass = acceleration due to gravity - pseudo acceleration = 9.8 - 2.6 = 7.2 m/s²What's the tension of the string suspending the mass?Tension of the string= mass × effective acceleration
= 5 × 7.2 = 36 N
Thus, we can conclude that the tension in the string is 36 N.
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g Suppose the intensity of some electromagnetic wave doubles. What happens to the amplitude of the wave's electric field?
The amplitude of the wave's electric field is [tex]\sqrt{2}[/tex] times if the intensity of some electromagnetic wave doubles.
What is electromagnetic wave:
Electromagnetic waves also called EM waves, are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and magnetic field.
The formula of Intensity of electromagnetic wave:
I = 1/2 ( c* ε(0)* E(0)^2 )where c is speed of light
E is amplitude of electric field
here Intensity of EM waves doubles so,
I' = 2*I
we can say that,
I ∝ E^2
E = sqrt ( I )
E' = sqrt ( 2*I )
hence
E' = [tex]\sqrt{2}[/tex] * E
so, the amplitude of the wave's electric field is [tex]\sqrt{2}[/tex] times if the intensity of some electromagnetic wave doubles
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Place the charge q= 2.10-5c at the origin o of the oxy-axis system. consider two points a(6;0) and b(3;4) on the axes with unit of measurement in cm. choose the potential origin at infinity. calculate the work done by the electric field when moving the charge q=-1uc from a to b
The work done by the electric field when moving the charge from a to b is 0.0378 J.
Distance between a and b
r = √[(a₂ - a₁)² + (b₂ - b₁)²]
r = √[(3 - 6)² + (4 - 0)²]
r = 5 m
Work done in moving the chargeW = Fr
W = kq₁q₂/r
W = (9 x 10⁹ x 2.1 x 10⁻⁵ x 1 x 10⁻⁶)/(5)
W = 0.0378 J
Thus, the work done by the electric field when moving the charge from a to b is 0.0378 J.
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A 40.0 N crate is pulled up a 5.0 m inclined plane. The angle of inclination of the plane to horizontal is 37o. If there is a constant force of friction of 10.0 N between the crate and the surface, what is the net gain in potential energy by the crate? Group of answer choices 120 J -120 J 210 J -210 J
The net gain in potential energy by the crate is 120 J.
What is potential energy?Potential energy is the energy that an object has stored in it as a result of its position or condition. Potential energy exists in a stretched spring, a book held above your head, and a bicycle on top of a hill. The joule, which is represented by the letter "J," is the standard unit for calculating potential energy.
Calculation:We use the idea of potential energy, which is given by the equation,
PE = mgh
where,
m = mass of the crate
g = gravitational acceleration
h = height
Given,
mg = 40 N
L = 5 m
angle of inclination, ∅ = 37°
h = L sin∅
h = 5 (sin 37°)
h = 5 (3/5)
h = 3 m
Put the values in the above formula,
PE = mgh
PE = 40 (3)
PE = 120 J
Therefore, the net gain in potential energy by the crate is 120 J.
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Hull (1943) had rats push a lever that required 21 grams of force to budge. After they had learned to push the lever in order to receive food, he increased the amount of force required to move the lever to 38 grams of force. Which of the following best describes how the rats responded to this new level of required intensity
Years of research have demonstrated that rats are intelligent creatures who experience pain and pleasure, care about one another, are able to read the emotions of others, and would assist other rats, even at their own expense.
Experiments:In trials carried out at Brown University in the 1950s, rats were trained to press a lever for food, but they stopped pressing the lever when they noticed that with each press, a rat in an adjacent cage would scream in pain (after experiencing an electric shock).
Rats were trained to press a lever to lower a block that was hanging from a hoist by electric shocks administered by experimenters. A rat was subsequently hoisted into a harness by the experimenters, and according to their notes, "This animal normally shrieked and wriggled sufficiently while dangling, and if it did not, it was jabbed with a sharp pencil until it exhibited indications of discomfort." Even if it wasn't in danger of receiving a shock, a rat watching the scenario from the floor would pull a lever to lower the hapless rodent to safety.
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