n(U) = 147, n(A) = 48, n(B) = 68, n(A ∩ B) = 19, n(A ∩ C) = 22, n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 10, n(A' ∩ B ∩ C') = 39, and n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = 36.
Find n(C).
A) 26
B) 14
C) 30
D) 46
Answers
Answer: D) 46
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Explanation:
We have these 8 given facts
N(U) = 147n(A) = 48n(B) = 68n(A ∩ B) = 19n(A ∩ C) = 22n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 10n(A' ∩ B ∩ C') = 39n(A' ∩ B' ∩ C') = 36Draw out a rectangle to represent the universal set U. Inside this rectangle, draw three overlapping circles. Refer to the diagram below (imagine that none of the values have been written down just yet). These circles are A, B, and C.
Now we'll focus on the 8 facts above. To start off, we'll look at fact 6 which says n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 10. This means there are 10 items inside all three sets. This is the middle most region where all three circles overlap with one another.
Then move to fact 4 and we see that 19 items are in sets A and B at the same time. Subtract off those 10 items in all three sets and we have 19-10 = 9 items in set A and B, but not set C. We can write this as n(A ∩ B ∩ C') = 9 if you wanted to stay consistent with this math notation. Write "9" in the overlapped region between A and B, but not inside circle C.
Now go to fact 5. We have n(A ∩ C) = 22 telling us there are 22 items in both sets A and C at the same time. Subtract off the 10 in all three sets and we're left with 22-10 = 12 items in set A and set C, but not set B. We can write this as n(A ∩ B' ∩ C) = 12. Write "12" in the region between A and C, but outside of circle B.
If you're stuck anywhere, refer to the diagram below. Imagine that not all of the values have been filled in just yet.
---------------------------
So far you should have the numbers 10, 9 and 12 written in those positions I mentioned. Circle A is mostly filled out. We're missing the region that's inside A but outside both B and C; however, we can find that to be 17. Why is this? Well because n(A) = 48 and the other values (10, 9 and 12) add to 10+9+12 = 31. Then note how 31+17 = 48. So we must have 17 items in circle A but outside the other circles. We can write this as n(A ∩ B' ∩ C') = 17
In short, all of the values in circle A must add to 48. We have 17+10+9+12 = 48.
From fact 7, we can see that n(A' ∩ B ∩ C') = 39 meaning there are 39 items in circle B and not in any other circle. So we'll fill this value in as well.
The last value to fill in is the 36 from fact 8. This goes outside all of the circles.
The venn diagram below shows all of these values filled in that I mentioned so far. The missing two blank regions in circle C can be thought of as one region for the sake of simplicity.
---------------------------
Using that diagram of filled in values, add up every number written down:
17+9+39+12+10+36 = 123
We have 123 items so far in the universal set
We're told that n(U) = 147, meaning there are 147 items total in the universal set.
This must mean that 147-123 = 24 items are in the two blank regions of circle C. We don't need to break down how the 24 splits up.
That 24 adds to the other numbers inside circle C to get to the final answer
12+10+24 = 46
Choice D is the answer.
Side note: you could use n(B) = 68 to help break down those two blank regions of circle C, but that's just unnecessary extra work.
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A certain financial services company uses surveys of adults age 18 and older to determine if personal financial fitness is changing over time. Suppose that in February 2012, a sample of 1,000 adults showed 410 indicating that their financial security was more than fair. In February 2010, a sample of 1,100 adults showed 385 indicating that their financial security was more than fair.
Required:
a. State the hypothesis that can be used to test for a significant difference between the population proportions for the two years?
b. What is the sample proportion indicating that their financial security was more that fair in 2012?In 2010?
c. Conduct the hypothesis test and compute the p-value.At a .05 level of significance what is your conclusion?
d. What is the 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the two population proportion?
Answers
Answer:
The calculated z = 2.85 falls in the critical region z > 1.96 so we accept the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the population proportions for the two years.
Step-by-step explanation:
Let p1 be the sample of 1000 adults chosen in 2012 and
p2 be the sample of 1100 adults chosen in 2010
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The hypothesis that can be used to test for a significant difference between the population proportions for the two years is:
H0: p1-p2= 0 against the claim Ha: p1-p2≠0
Part b:
The sample proportion indicating that their financial security was more that fair in 2012 is
p1^= 410/1000= 0.41
In 2010 is:
p2^= 385/1100= 0.35
Part c:
p^c= 410+385/1000+1100= 0.3785
q^c= 1-p^c= 1-0.3785= 0.6124
The critical region is z > ±1.96
The test statistic is
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P- value : 0.00466
The result is significant( accept the null hypothesis) for value less than 0.05
Part d:
2012 2010
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Proportions 0.41 0.35
Standard Error √0.41( 0.59)/1000 √0.35( 0.65)/1100
= 0.0155 0.01438
Standard Error for the difference = √0.0155² + 0.01438² =0.0211
p1-p2 ± z* standard error for the difference
0.41-0.35 ± 1.96 *( 0.0211)
0.06 ± 0.041356
-0.018644, 0.101356
The 95 % confidence interval estimate is (-0.018644, 0.10135