The narrow-sense heritability for tail length in these unicorns is 0.23, which corresponds to option (a).
Narrow-sense heritability (h^2) is the proportion of phenotypic variation that is due to additive genetic variation. To calculate h^2, you can use the following formula:
h^2 = Additive genetic variance / Total phenotypic variance
Total phenotypic variance is the sum of all variance components (additive genetic variance, dominance genetic variance, genic interaction variance, environmental variance, and genetic environmental interaction variance).
In the given data for unicorns, the variance components are as follows:
- Additive genetic variance: 0.3
- Dominance genetic variance: 0.2
- Genic interaction variance: 0.1
- Environmental variance: 0.1
- Genetic environmental interaction variance: 0.6
Total phenotypic variance = 0.3 + 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.6 = 1.3
Now, calculate the narrow-sense heritability:
h^2 = 0.3 / 1.3 = 0.23
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In the following scenario, which question should Marie consider to determine if this career is right for her?
Marie is finishing a degree in animal science and is considering a career as an animal breeder.
What is the role of selective breeding in agriculture?
What degree is most useful for animal breeders?
Does she enjoy working in a hands-on position?
Does she prefer working in a laboratory or office?
If Marie is finishing a degree in animal science and is considering a career as an animal breeder, then she should consider what degree is most useful for animal breeders.
What is selective breeding?Selective breeding is a technique aimed at crossing animals or plants in order to select offspring having better traits/features in the next generations.
Selective breeding is based on the process of genetic selection due to the heritability of phenotypic traits (in this case, in animals).
In conclusion, if Marie is finishing a degree in animal science and is considering a career as an animal breeder, then she should consider what degree is most useful for animal breeders.
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A neurotransmitter binds to a metabotropic receptor and pka is ultimately activated, which type of neurotransmitter likely bound?
Adrenergic is a neurotransmitter that binds to a metabotropic receptor is ultimately activated, which type of neurotransmitter is likely bound
Neurotransmitters are signaling molecules secreted by neurons to affect other cells throughout the synapse. The cell that receives the signal, any body part or target cell, can be another neuron, but it can also be a gland or muscle cell.
Neurotransmitters are the chemicals in your body. They transfer messages from one nerve cell across space to the next nerve, muscle, or glandular cell. Monoamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine; peptides such as somatostatin and opioids; purines such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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the black plague, the epidemic that devastated the european continent during the 1300's is an example of :
What photon energies are selectively filtered (higher or lower energies) in medical imaging techniques?
The photon energies are selectively filtered in medical imaging techniques is lower energies.
How does X-ray work in physics?X-rays are electromagnetic waves that have the ability to pass through low-density bodies and are absorbed by higher-density materials. The X-ray is a type of electromagnetic radiation with frequencies higher than ultraviolet radiation.
In this case, the correct energy that a photon needs to have for medical imaging techniques is lower energies.
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The regulatory protein responsible for binding to calcium for contraction to proceed is _____.
The regulatory protein in muscle responsible for binding to calcium for contraction to proceed is troponin.
Troponin is a crucial player in the regulation of muscle contraction by calcium: The actin-tropomyosin-troponin complex, which makes up the thin filaments of striated muscles, is the only structure that can bind calcium. Actin filaments are also connected to troponin, a calcium-binding protein that controls contraction in skeletal or cardiac muscles.
Three parts or subunits of troponin:
Tropomyosin-binding subunit (Tn-T)Inhibitory subunit (Tn-I)calcium-binding subunit are the (Tn-C)NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the atomic structure of the troponin head.Troponin and tropomyosin are both necessary for the control of calcium in striated muscles. Troponin or tropomyosin mutations result in the well-known cardiac myopathy.
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The property rights approach to environmental issues often becomes highly relevant in cases involving __________________. greenhouse gas emissions harmful affects of acid rain endangered species fresh water resources
The property rights approach to environmental issues often becomes highly relevant in cases involving endangered species.
The approach based on property rights postulates that if exclusive property rights are correctly established, the public good of maintaining high environmental quality may be converted into a private good, and the best possible distribution of environmental resources will be accomplished.
The protection of people's property rights is an efficient method for preserving and rehabilitating endangered animals. It is more likely that recovery will occur if these animals are owned by someone who will benefit in some way from their growth. But if endangered species are nothing more than a burden, any kind of financial incentive to preserve them is met with fierce opposition.
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24. Strengthening some synapses and weakening others establishes neural circuits that contain memories; the low-frequency stimulation of synaptic inputs to a cell can _____ their strength in a phenomenon known as _____.
Strengthening some synapses and weakening others establishes neural circuits that contain memories; the low-frequency stimulation of synaptic inputs to a cell can decrease their strength in a phenomenon known as long-term depression.
The effect of long-term depression can arise from neural effect of synapses. The synaptic impulses start to decrease gradually when a person is suffering from long-term depression. This decreased neural synapses arise from long-term exposure to stress that is chronic. It can also stem from anxiety. The continuous exposure of the neurons to stress and anxiety can also lead to degeneration and depletion of the cells present in the nervous system. Also the cortisol levels rise during depression and it is regulated by the hippocampus. This leads to a delay or restriction in the developing neurons inside the brain. Long-term depression can lead to increased chances of getting addicted to alcohol or drugs.
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A malignant tumor of bone marrow cells associated with high levels of one of the immunoglobulins, usually IgG, is called: Hodgkin disease Leukemia Lymphoma Multiple myeloma
A malignant tumor of bone marrow cells associated with high levels of one of the immunoglobulins, usually IgG, is called multiple myeloma.
What is multiple myeloma?A malignancy known as multiple myeloma develops in a type of white blood cell known as a plasma cell. Healthy plasma cells produce antibodies that bind to and destroy bacteria, assisting your body in fighting illnesses. Cancerous plasma cells build up in the bone marrow and crowd out healthy blood cells in multiple myeloma.Multiple myeloma's precise cause is unknown. The process that leads to symptoms is started by the aberrant growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow.The spongy tissue in the center of some bones called bone marrow is where the body makes its blood cells. Many myeloma is the name given to the cancer because it frequently affects multiple bodily parts, including the spine, skull, pelvis, and ribs.
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Which white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic infections?
Eosinophils are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic infections.
High counts of eosinophils are typical of patients experiencing allergies, parasitic worm infestations, and some autoimmune diseases.
High eosinophil levels can indicate a mild condition such as a drug reaction or allergy, or a severe condition could cause it, including some blood disorders.
Eosinophils make up 0.0 to 6.0 percent of your blood. A normal range is usually between 30 and 350. A count of more than 500 cells per microliter of blood is considered eosinophilia.
Asthma and atopic disease are the most common causes of mild to moderate eosinophilia in children.
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Protein catabolism is increased in conditions such as?
Answer:
Starvation
Explanation:
Hormones like Insulin, which are anabolic are low during starvation. While Glucagon and epinephrine are high which promote catabolism.
We used the enzyme, taq polymerase, which is derived from the thermus aquaticus bacterium, in our pcr procedure. Why is this enzyme important for efficiency in pcr?.
The enzyme Taq polymerase is required in the PCR process because it is the main enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strands complementary to the template strand and without the activity of this enzyme the PCR will be useless and it cannot make the copy of the given strand in any way. Thus, this enzyme is very much necessary for the efficient working of the PCR.
Polymerase Chain Reaction is a very efficient technique that can able to detect and copy even a small amount of DNA by performing a set of reactions at different temperatures.
The PCR process begins with the denaturing of the template strand at 95°C, followed by annealing in which the appropriate primers bind to the single strands of DNA at 50-56°C, followed by extension at 72°C in which the thermostable Taq polymerase synthesizes the strand complementary to the template DNA.
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Excess capacity is best described as underused plant resources that are a result of?
Excess capacity is best described as underused plant resources that are a result of a company generating less output than the minimum average total cost.
What are plant resources?In business, expression 'plant resources' makes reference to the amount of economically available sources that a company/firm has to carry out their regular tasks.
Regarding costs and benefits, these plant resources can be estimated by taking into account the minimum average total cost.
In conclusion, excess capacity is best described as underused plant resources that are a result of a company generating less output than the minimum average total cost.
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Which of the following is true regarding water’s high specific heat capacity?
When we sweat, our bodies undergo evaporative cooling which makes the body heat up
Water can absorb and hold only a little amount of heat before it gets too hot
Small amounts of heat are absorbed by water molecules in order to break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules
Water’s high specific heat capacity helps regulate the temperature of the Earth
Answer:
small amount of heat are absorbed by water molecules in order to break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules
If you are conducting research to determine whether cats have better memories than do turtles, which of the following fields are you studying
If you are conducting research to determine whether cats have better memories than do turtles, which of the following fields are you studying Comparative Cognition.
What is Comparative Cognition?Comparative cognition is the area of study that focuses on comprehending the cognitive processes and capacities that are seen in non-human species. If you are conducting research to determine whether cats have better memories than do turtles, which of the following fields are you studying Comparative Cognition. Comparative cognition is the study of how cognition functions and develops across species. It is sometimes compared to or perceived as being more generic than comparative psychology. The "glass half-full/half-empty" metaphor is frequently used to represent how emotional states can alter cognitive processes, and cognitive bias testing examines this relationship. It has been shown across many species and circumstances that an animal's cognitive bias can be directly linked to welfare status, e.g., those with better welfare make more optimistic judgments. Classical or operant conditioning is employed to test reactions to ambiguous signals.
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Explain process of small scale cultivation of mushrooms
Answer:
Preface
The second edition of Six Steps to Mushroom Farming recognizes that much progress in mushroom farming has taken place over the last 25 years since the original edition was published. Trends such as use of forced aeration Phase I, Phase II tunnels, Phase III bulk spawn run, casing inoculum, compost supplementation, hybrids, improved nutritional status of mushrooms, and alternative uses of post-crop mushroom compost necessitates an updated, reorganized, and expanded second edition of Six Steps to Mushroom Farming.
Mushroom farming consists of six steps, and although the divisions are somewhat arbitrary, these steps identify what is needed to form a production system. The six steps are Phase I composting, Phase II composting, spawning, casing, pinning, and cropping. These steps are described in their naturally occurring sequence, emphasizing the salient features within each step. Compost provides nutrients needed for mushrooms to grow
Explanation:
https://extension.psu.edu/six-steps-to-mushroom-farming
The process of small-scale cultivation of mushrooms is Mushroom Spawn, getting ready for compost, and harvest.
What is mushroom cultivation?Mushroom cultivation is a process utilizing waste substances inclusive of horse manure, bird manure, pig manure, wheat straw, rice straw, corn cobs, wooden bark, sawdust, and cottonseed hulls to produce scrumptious and nutritious meals.
The cultivation method has 5 principal steps.
Mushroom Spawn.getting ready for compost.Spawning of mulch.Casing.Cropping and harvest administration.Learn more about mushroom cultivation here:-https://brainly.com/question/26093768
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Predict which mechanism of reproductive isolation played a role in trumpeter speciation in the Amazon basin. Note: Trumpeters cannot fly across large rivers.
Habitat isolation is likely to be most relevant in the case of trumpeters in the Amazon basin.
If trumpeters can not cross rivers, then they would be able to mate with trumpeters on the same side of the river but not on the other side- a form of prezygotic isolation.
what are trumpeters?
The term "trumpeter" comes from the deep, booming territorial call of these chicken-sized, long-necked, hunch-backed, small-headed, short-tailed, dark-plumed, long-legged birds that wander the jungle floors of South America.The land of South America that now the Amazon River and its tributaries drain is recognized as the Amazon basin.
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Hiremagalur B, Sabban EL. Nicotine elicits changes in expression of adrenal catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, neuropeptide Y and immediate early genes by injection but not continuous administration. Molecular brain research. 1995 Aug 1;32(1):109-15.
Nicotine, a key pharmacologically active component of tobacco smoke, is often regarded as one of the reasons responsible for cigarette smoking's negative repercussions. Nicotine stimulates the sympathoadrenal system, increasing catecholamine synthesis and release into the bloodstream.
In this work, we show that nicotine injections, both single and recurrent, enhance the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway. In addition, these treatments influenced the expression of dopamine-hydroxylase (DBH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in rat adrenals.
Effects of Nicotine:Nicotine's influence on various transcription factors in the adrenal medulla was investigated. Injection nicotine treatment boosted CREB phosphorylation and activated c-Fos protein without altering members of the jun family. In contrast to the injection results, continuous infusion via osmotic pumps had no effect on any of these parameters.
These findings suggest that nicotine delivery modality influences the activation of many transcription factors and the production of TH, DBH, and NPY.
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what is the difference between artificial kidneys and natural kidneys
[tex]\huge\underline{\red{A}\green{n}\blue{s}\purple{w}\pink{e}\orange{r} →}[/tex]
The natural kidney continuously receives the blood and water, filter them and keep the body away from toxic wastes by the process of excretion. The artificial kidney is the device used in kidney damage persons only from time to time, under supervision of a specialist doctor.Explanation:
Hope it helps you!!The smooth layer of firm fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints is called:______
Periosteum is smooth layer of firm fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints.
Periosteum is made up of inner cellular layer and outer fibrous layer. The outer layer is composed mostly of collagen and contains nerve fibers that cause pain when the tissue is damaged. Periosteum covers almost your entire bone . It help bone by suppling blood and help them in heal and grow properly. Periosteum help in repairing of bone in case they are damaged .
Periosteum major function is to provide a source of osteocytes/chondrocytes that differentiate from pluripotent undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. They help in scaffolding for the proliferation of osteocytes/chondrocytes. They are rich source of growth factors.
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Why did Mendel use pea plants in his experiments?
Drag each tile to the correct box.
Order the steps of protein synthesis.
A ribosome binds to mRNA.
RNA is modified into mRNA.
Chemical bonds are formed and a protein is produced.
DNA is transcribed.
Amino acids are lined up in a sequence.
Answer:
1.) DNA is transcribed
2.) RNA is modified into mRNA
3.) A ribosome binds to mRNA
4.) Amino acids are lined up in a sequence
5.) Chemical bonds are formed and a protein is produced
Plasmolysis is the ________ of a bacterial cell in a ________ solution
Plasmolysis is the shrinking of a bacterial cell in a hypertonic solution.
Plant cells undergo a process known as plasmolysis when they are exposed to a solution that contains more solutes than the cells do. This is an example of a hypertonic solutionOsmosis is the process by which water leaves cells and enters the surrounding fluid. As a result, the protoplasm—all of the cell's internal components—shrinks away from the cell wall. Cell death may occur as a result of severe water loss that causes the cell wall to collapse. Cells cannot stop plasmolysis from occurring since osmosis is an uncontrollable process that uses no energy from the cell.learn more about Plasmolysis here: https://brainly.com/question/734740
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8. Chromosomes in all human body cells (except for egg and sperm) are:
Answer:
diploid
Explanation:
diploid cells have 23 chromosome pairs, but egg/sperm cells are haploid and don't chromosome pairs
Which is a characteristic of bacteria? multiple choice question. lack defined subcellular structures a membrane-bound nucleus no cell wall single-celled
Bacteria has lack of membrane bound organelles , unicellular and small size . All prokaryotes are not bacteria some are archaea but both share common characteristics .
Bacteria is microscopic size , single celled organism that exist in their millions in every environment , both inside and outside other organisms. Mostly bacteria are harmful but most of them serve a useful purpose.They supports in many forms of life both in plants and animals ,also they used in industrial and medicinal process.
It has different shapes , spherical bacteria like a ball called cocci and single bacterium is a coccus. Lacking well defined nuclei and membrane bound organelles and with chromosomes composed of single closed DNA circle.
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A person's blood type is determined by?
Answer:
your blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents
"Since [the Silverleaf is] the closest relative of the [standard] sunflower, it should be perhaps reasonably straightforward to move some of the traits," said Loren Rieseberg.
Which is the closest synonym for the word straightforward?
A Uncomplicated
B Economical
C Chronological
D Problematic
Answer:
D problematic is this que of answer
When a neuron sends information down the axon, is called an ______ (two words) also known as a spike or impulse.
When a neuron sends information down the axon is called an Action potentials also known as a spike or impulse.It sent information as a packet of messages.
Neurons send signal release chemicals called neurotransmitter . These transmitters bins with a receptors on their surface of the receiving neuron.They are release from presynaptic terminals which branch to communicate with several postsynaptic neurons.
Information is passed by the axon of the potential , when action potential reaches the ends of the axon it needs to be transferred to another neuron or tissues. The dendrites of neurons receive information from sensory receptors or other neurons.
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Mitochondria contain circular strands of _____, similar to that found in many prokaryotes.
Mitochondria contain circular strands of DNA similar to that found in many prokaryotes.Most important are those striking similarities between prokaryotes and mitochondria.
Each mitochondria is its own circular DNA genome like a bacteria's genome , but that is much smaller than mitochondria genome. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in size to prokaryotic cells and their division by splitting /fission similar to prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes lack mitochondria ATP present on their cell membrane surface.Bacteria and mitochondria are also similar in the light of genetic elements -both contain circular DNA and divide through fission. Mitrochondria have plump,jellybeans like shapes which is similar to rod shaped bacilli bacteria.
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A research report presents a scatterplot with a diagonal best-fit line. the correlation of the plotted variables is best indicated by:______
A research report presents a scatterplot with a diagonal best-fit line. the correlation of the plotted variables is best indicated by:
Notice that when you look at the scatter plot the points seem to form a line going up from left to right. This means that there is a positive correlation between the -coordinates and the -coordinates. The answer is that the scatter plot shows a positive correlation.
What is positive correlation?Any statistical association between two random variables or bivariate data, whether causal or not, is referred to in statistics as correlation or dependency. Although "correlation" can mean any kind of association in the broadest sense, in statistics it typically refers to the strength of a pair of variables' linear relationships. Examples of common dependent phenomena include the relationship between parent and child height and the relationship between a good's price and the number of units buyers are prepared to buy, as shown in the so-called demand curve.
Because they can reveal a predicted relationship that can be used in practice, correlations are helpful.
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When teaching a client with diabetes about monitoring for episodes of hypoglycemia:_________
When teaching a client with diabetes about monitoring for episodes of hypoglycemia, the nurse should tell the client to check for symptoms like feeling shaky, weakness, cold, headache, nausea.
What is hypoglycemia?Hypoglycemia refers to a situation where blood glucose level is less than a given standard value.Glucose is the main source of food for the body and a person suffering from hypoglycemia may feel hungry, nauseous, and weak.Mainly hypoglycemia is related to diabetes but it may also occur due to other diseases and medications.To prevent the symptoms of hypoglycemia, one should consume high sugar foods and drinks.A person with hypoglycemia has blurred vision, confusion, drowsiness, difficulty in concentrating.If the level of blood glucose is low for a long time, it may even lead to seizures, coma and eventually death.Learn more about hypoglycemia here:
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