The products of the light-dependent reactions are= ATP, NADPH, and O2, and the products of light-independent reactions are= Sugars, ADP, and NADP+.
Photosynthesis has two parts: one is light-dependent and another one is a light-independent reaction (also known as-Calvin cycle). The process is vice versa, where few inputs of the light-dependent reaction are used to make the outputs for the light-independent reaction, and few inputs of the light-independent reaction are used to make the outputs for the light-dependent reaction.
The goal of a light-dependent reaction is to convert light energy into chemical energy. And the location of light-independent reaction is at Chloroplasts—stroma.
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Mendel's monohybrid cross of tall parents with the genotype Tt resulted in a tall to short ratio of
a)1:1.
b)1:2.
c)2:1.
d)3:1.
e)1:3.
The tall-to-short ratio produced by Mendel's monohybrid cross of tall parents with the gene Tt was 3: 1. Therefore, option d is correct.
A cross between two kinds of the same species of plant that only considers the transfer of one trait is referred to as a monohybrid cross. A cross between a tall pea plant and a dwarf pea plant is an example of a monohybrid cross because here only one character called height is considered.
Given the genotype of the tall plant is Tt. It is a heterozygous type for the tall plant. Then the cross between Tt and Tt is given in the Punnett square.
From Punnett square, we can tell there is a probability of about 3 tall plants and 1 dwarf plant from the given cross. Therefore, the required ratio is written as 3:1.
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Which of the following best describes polygenic traits?
Answer:
4 many trait are produced by
What would be the most likely cause of this genetic variation?
The most likely causes of genetic variation are random mating, genetic mutation and genetic drift.
The changes which occur in the genetic sequence of the DNA of an individual are known as genetic variations. They play a very important role in the bringing about evolution and increasing the survival rate of organisms.
The most likely causes of genetic variation are random mating, genetic mutation and genetic drift. Genetic drift is a shift in the allelic frequency of a population which occurs due to a random chance. Random mating is the mating between two individuals which is not dictated by any social or genetic preference and genetic mutations are the change in the sequence of the DNA which might occur due to exposure to UV rays, chemicals or some errors in replication.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"What are the most likely causes of genetic variation?"--
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In models of logistic population growth, _____. Group of answer choices new individuals are added to the population as N approaches K the population growth rate slows dramatically as N approaches K new individuals are added to the population most rapidly at the beginning of the population's growth only density-dependent factors affect the rate of population growth carrying capacity is never reached
In the logistic population growth model, population growth slows dramatically as N approaches K.
There are various mathematical models that can explain population growth. In the exponential growth model, population size follows a “J” shaped curve and grows very quickly. In the logistic growth model, population size follows an “S” shaped curve, growing rapidly and then leveling off.
When the population size N is well below the carrying capacity K, the population size increases rapidly, forming the first loop in S. As N approaches K, resources are limited, population growth slows down, the curve levels off, and his second loop to form an 'S'.
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Which of the following statements is true?
a) The world's population is equally distributed.
b) Over 90% of population growth occurs in rural areas.
c) Almost one-third of the world's population has limited access to clean water.
d) The most populous countries are the United States and China.
20 points
Over 90% of population growth occurs in rural areas.
What is Population?
The term "population" refers to all citizens who are either permanently residing in a country or who are just passing through. This indicator reveals how many people typically reside in a certain area.
Growth rates are the population changes that occur each year as a result of births, deaths, and net migration.
The total population also includes national military forces deployed overseas, merchant mariners at sea, diplomatic staff based abroad, civilian foreign nationals residing in the nation, and internally displaced people residing in the nation.
Therefore, Over 90% of population growth occurs in rural areas.
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Which of the following organelles are involved in the general category of organelle heredity?
A) mitochondria and chloroplasts
B) R factors
C) Lysosomes and peroxisomes
D) Factors and episomes
E) Golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum
The organelle in charge of transmitting hereditary features is the nucleus. The nucleus, represented by the letter Q, is where DNA is located. Choice B seems to be the appropriate answer as a result.
What characteristic of the cell determines heredity?We now know that the genetic material of the cell is stored in the DNA. Diagram 4-2. On the other hand, the main function of cellular proteins found in chromosomes is to control and bundle extremely long DNA molecules into manageable bundles that can fit into mitochondria and just be easily accessible by them.
What organelle contains the basic components of life's genetic code?Nucleus. The DNA deoxyribonucleic protein is housed in the nucleus, which is also known as the "command center" of the cell. Every single of the cell's processes, including.
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What is the benefit of having a high surface area to volume ratio?
High surface area to volume ratios operate as significant "driving forces" to accelerate thermodynamic processes that minimize free energy.
The surface area of a solid item is a measurement of the overall space that the thing's surface occupies.
The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is significantly more complex than the definition of arc length for one-dimensional curves or the definition of surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with flat polygonal faces), where the surface area is equal to the sum of the areas of its faces.
The surface area of smooth surfaces, such as spheres, is calculated using their parametric surface representation. This surface area definition, which is based on infinitesimal numbers, employs partial derivatives and double integration.
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Doubling the chromosomes of a sterile species hybrid with colchicine or cold shock is a method used to produce a fertile species hybrid called a ________.
Doubling the chromosomes of a sterile species hybrid with colchicine or cold shock is a method used to produce a fertile species hybrid called a amphidiploid .
Another type of aneuploidy is monosomy, or the loss of one chromosome in cells. "Mono-" is Greek for "one," therefore patients with monosomy have one copy of a certain chromosome in their cells rather than the customary two copies.
Turner syndrome (also known as monosomy X) is a monosomy-related disorder.
The embryo's tissues will contain higher-than-normal quantities of the Gene P protein product.
Triploidy is the presence of an extra pair of chromosomes in the cell, resulting in a total of 69 chromosomes rather than the standard 46 chromosomes per cell. During fertilization, the additional pair of chromosomes is derived from either the father or the mother.
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What are 3 vegetarian choices for protein?
Three vegetarian choices for protein includes Grains and pulses, Dairy products and Soya and tofu.
Protein for vegetarians include beans, peas, and lentils, nuts and seeds and soy products. Protein is one of the most essential nutrients for daily life , as they are required to help your body repair cells and make new ones. Protein also plays crucial role in growth and development in children and expecting mothers .
In general , proteins are required for the repairing and building your body's tissues, They also allows metabolic reactions to occurs at place for easy body function . Hence , vegetarians should include protein from variety of protein sources to ensure proper body functioning .
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Tekton is a Greek word that means "carpenter" or "builder." With regard to Earth, what do you think plate tectonics is all about?
Tekton is a Greek word which means carpenter or builder. With regard to Earth, plate tectonics are what builds the Earth's formation, mountains, hills, and trenches.
What is Plate tectonics?Plate tectonics is generally accepted scientific theory which considers that the Earth's lithosphere comprises of a number of large tectonic plates which have been slowly moving since a long time about 3.4 billion years ago.
Tekton is a Greek word that means carpenter or builder. With regard to Earth and the word Tekton to Earth, the tectonic plates are what actually builds the Earth's forms, mountains, hills, and trenches, etc.
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Definition
Unit 6 Vocab: DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information an
protein synthesis
Your answer
The nucleic acid molecule that allows transmission of genetic material and protein synthesis is called messenger RNA. This messenger RNA serves as an intermediate for protein synthesis because DNA is protected in the nucleus.
What is translation?
process by which cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).
There are two main types of nucleic acids. two types are DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid, and RNA or ribonucleic acid. Both of these molecules serve function in gene expression.
RNA carries genetic information that is translated by ribosomes into various proteins necessary for the cellular processes. mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are the three main types of RNA involved in the protein synthesis. RNA also serves as primary genetic material for viruses.
Translation, second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm.
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What are the possible offspring of purple flower and white flower?
The phenotypic ratio of purple-flowered to white-flowered offspring will be 3:1. Hence 75% offsprings will be purple.
Genetics is the study of the genes, the genetic variation, and the heredity in the organisms. It is an important topic in biology because heredity is fundamental to organism evolution. In the nineteenth century, Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian monk working in Brno, was the first to do scientific study on genetics.
The study of genetics focuses on the effects of individual genes or groups of genes in health and disease. Understanding genetic variations and anomalies is critical for learning more about health promotion and disease prevention. In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable traits or attributes of an organism. The term refers to the anatomy, developmental processes, biochemical and physiological characteristics, behaviour, and behavioural results of an organism.
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Find the edge length of the cube. (The density of copper is 8. 96 g/cm3, and the volume of a cube is equal to the edge length cubed. )
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
As a result, its edge length is 2.13 cm (because copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm3 and a cube's volume is equal to a edge length cubed).
(Cubic volume equals (edge length)3, and copper density equals 8.96 g/cm3) Tip: Mass is equal to the product of volume and density.From of the question, we may deduce that copper has a density of 8.96 g/cm3 and a volume of 2.62 cm3 for the piece of copper.A cube's volume is equal to its length, breadth, and height. However, because it is a cube, the length, breadth, & height all are equal and correspond to one of the cube's edges. Therefore, just find a cube root of a volume to get the length of a cube's edge.
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Drosophila (fruit flies) usually have long wings ( ) but mutations in two different genes can result in bent wings (bt) or vestigial wings (vg). 56) If flies that are heterozygous for both the bent wing gene and the vestigial wing gene are mated, what is the probability of offspring with bent wings only
The probability of offspring with bent wings only when flies that are heterozygous for both the bent wing gene and the vestigial wing gene are mated is 25%.
This is because in genetics, the probability of offspring having a certain genotype is determined by the Punnett square, which is used to calculate the genotypic ratios of possible offspring from a genetic cross. In this case, the Punnett square would reveal a 4x4 grid in which each parent has a 50% chance of contributing either the bent wing gene (bt) or the vestigial wing gene (vg) to the offspring.
The resulting combinations would be 25% BB (both parents contributing bt), 25% btVg (one parent contributing bt and the other contributing vg), 25% Vgbt (one parent contributing vg and the other contributing bt), and 25% VgVg (both parents contributing vg). Thus, the probability of offspring with bent wings only would be 25%.
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19. How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL the calls is exactly the
same. In other words, the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain call and anothera si
cell?
The proteins expressed and the genes activated makes one cell a brain cell and another skin cell.
Gene expression is the process through which a gene's information is used to create a functioning gene product, allowing it to produce end products like proteins or non-coding RNA and ultimately have an impact on phenotypes. However, in non-protein-coding genes like transfer RNA (tRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the end result is a functional non-coding RNA instead of a protein.
Gene expression alterations lead to cell differentiation. This happens when various environmental signaling molecules activate or repress certain transcription factors that are required to express particular genes in the DNA. Inside of cells, DNA is arranged into chromosomes. Chromosomes have several genes.
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What component allows semen to temporarily coagulate, preventing it from leaking back out of the female reproductive tract, once ejaculated
The protein-based compound called semenogelin is the main component that allows semen to temporarily coagulate and remain in the female reproductive tract after ejaculation.
This compound is produced primarily in the seminal vesicles, which are located in the male reproductive system. Semenogelin is composed of two major proteins, semenogelin I and semenogelin II. These two proteins combine to create a gel-like substance that helps semen to form a cohesive mass.
This mass helps to keep semen from leaking back out of the reproductive tract and helps to ensure that sperm are able to reach the egg for fertilization. The gel-like substance also helps to protect the sperm from the acidic environment of the female reproductive system. This coagulation process typically lasts for around 30 minutes before the semen begins to break down and is reabsorbed into the female reproductive tract.
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What changes occur to voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels at the peak of depolarization?
O Inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close, while inactivation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open.
O Inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close, while activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open.
O Activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close, while activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open.
At the peak of depolarization, voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels undergo a series of changes. Specifically, the inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close and the inactivation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open.
This allows for the flow of Na+ ions into the cell and K+ ions out of the cell, thus creating an electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane. The closing of the inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels is an important step in depolarization, as it allows for the influx of Na+ ions into the cell.
This influx of Na+ ions causes the cell to become more positively charged and thus more depolarized. The opening of the inactivation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels also plays an important role in depolarization, as it allows for the efflux of K+ ions out of the cell. This efflux of K+ ions causes the cell to become more negatively charged and thus more depolarized.
In addition to the inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels, the activation gates of these channels also undergo changes at the peak of depolarization. Specifically, the activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close and the activation gates of voltage-gated K+ channels open. This allows for the influx of Na+ ions into the cell and the efflux of K+ ions out of the cell, further contributing to the depolarization of the cell.
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What is meant by monohybrid cross?
A specific form of a cross between two species known as a monohybrid cross only combines one trait at a time. For example, a pea plant hybrid between a tall and a short pea plant. the monohybrid cross-tat The genotype ratio under Mendelian inheritance is 1:2:1.
Two homozygous individuals with the opposing phenotype for a certain genetic trait make up a monohybrid cross.
A cross between two monohybrid features (TT and tt) is referred to as a monohybrid cross. One gene is passed on by the monohybrid cross. Using Punnett Square makes it straightforward to show. To examine the expression of heterozygous genes transferred from parents to homozygous offspring, geneticists use monohybrid crosses. For the monohybrid cross, Mendel first used a pair of pea plants with two unique traits: one tall and the other dwarf. Through the cross-pollination of tall and dwarf plants, tall plants were created. Each hybrid plant was quite tall. He referred to this generation as the first hybrid generation, and his offspring were designated as Filial1 or F1 progeny (F1). He conducted an experiment with each of the seven dissimilar pairs and discovered that all of the F1 offspring had the same pattern of behavior, acting just like one of the parents. There was not even one other parent character.
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In genetic engineering, the transfer of hereditary information from one species to another results in the formation of
In genetic engineering, the transfer of hereditary information from one species to another result in the formation of transgenic organisms.
In genetic engineering, the transfer of hereditary information from one species to another result in the formation of transgenic organisms. This process is also known as genetic modification or recombinant DNA technology.
Genetic engineers use a variety of techniques to transfer specific genes from one organism to another, such as bacteria, yeast, plants, or animals. The goal of this process is to introduce new or improved characteristics into the organism, such as resistance to disease or improved nutritional value.
For example, a gene for resistance to a particular pesticide might be introduced into a crop plant to protect it from damage, or a gene that codes for a human protein might be introduced into bacteria to produce large amounts of that protein for medical use. Transgenic organisms are widely used in agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine.
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Hey Siri what is a prokaryotic cell?
Answer:
Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Prokaryotes are divided into two distinct groups: the bacteria and the archaea, which scientists believe have unique evolutionary lineages. Most prokaryotes are small, single-celled organisms that have a relatively simple structure.
Shearing or tearing forces are placed on the organs and their supportive tissues in the mechanism of injury called
Mechanism of injury or MOI alludes to the technique by which harm (injury) to skin, muscles, organs, and bones happens. Medical services suppliers use MOI to assist with deciding how likely it is that a significant injury has happened.
Mechanism of injury (MOI) explicitly alludes to the technique by which injury and its related powers straightforwardly or in a roundabout way influence the human body. MOI suggests a particular exchange of energy from one source (for example the climate) to another (for example the human body).
The Mechanism of injury is the manner by which a physical issue was or may have been maintained. This is the general activity, openness or occasion that best portrays the conditions that did or may have brought about the most serious injury or infection. This is alluded to as the Take a chance with Calculate the gamble evaluation module.
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What weather phenomena are you likely to see in California during El Niño. These phenomena result from changes in temperature and humidity values under the influence of El Niño. CHOOSE 3
DROUGHT RAIN
FLOODS T ORNADO
FOG HURRICANE
El Niño is a meteorological event that affects clime at a global level, altering natural regimens. In California, El Niño can cause RAIN, FLOODS and HURRICANE.
What is El Niño?The El Nino Southern Oscillation -ENSO- is a weather phenomenon produced due to a complex system of climatic oscillations between the ocean and the atmosphere.
ENSO phenomenon is dominant in the global climate system. In the Nothern Hemisphere, ENSO provokes changes in general extratropical circulation, contributing to some different situations in weather during winter, including severe precipitations and cooler temperatures in the southeast USA, north of Mexico, Gulf of Mexico, Strait of Florida, and western Cuba.
In California, El Niño can cause RAIN, FLOODS and HURRICANE.
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A genetic mutations involving a single base causes an error that affects the sequence of the next 500 amino acids in a protein. Which type of mutation could have produced this type of error in the protein
The correct answer is C; Frame-shift, Because protein-encoding DNA is split into three-base codons, insertions and deletions can change a gene's message to the point where it no longer makes sense. These modifications are known as reading frame offsets.
For example, consider the phrase: "The fat cat sat". Each letter denotes a codon. If we remove the initial letter and evaluate the statement in the same way, it makes no sense.
A similar mistake happens at the molecular level in frame-shift, leading the codons to be processed erroneously. This frequently results in the production of worthless proteins.
An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three that disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.
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Full Question ;
A genetic mutation involving a single base causes an error that affects the sequence of the next 500 amino acids in a protein. Which type of mutation could have produced this type of error in the protein?
A)Silent
B)Nonsensse
C)frame-shift
Some seeds are light and can easily be carried long distances by the wind. Some seeds have barbs that cause them to attach to the fur of animals. Some seeds are enclosed in fruit that is eaten by birds. What do these features of seeds all have in common?
A.
They all provide nourishment to the seed.
B.
They all help the seed survive winter.
C.
They all allow for seed dispersal.
D.
They all protect the seed from injury.
These features of seeds all have in common for They all allow for seed dispersal.
What is seed dispersal?Seed dispersal is the mechanism by which plant seeds are transported to new sites for germination and the establishment of new individuals. Animals commonly mediate this process, and consequently, the ultimate fate of seeds depends on their effectiveness as seed dispersersDispersal can be defined as the process by which individuals move from the immediate environment of their parents to establish in an area more or less distant from them.Dispersal is the spreading of things over a wide area. Plants have different mechanisms of dispersal for their spores. Synonyms: scattering, spread, distribution, dissemination More Synonyms of dispersalDispersal of seeds is very important for the survival of plant species. If plants grow too closely together, they have to compete for light, water and nutrients from the soil. Seed dispersal allows plants to spread out from a wide area and avoid competing with one another for the same resources
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1. Naomi has blue eyes (bb), freckles (Ff), dimples (Dd), and curly hair (SS). Naomi is heterozygous for.
eye color and hair texture
freckles and dimples
eye color and dimples
freckles and hair texture
What is most likely the reason for the change in fur color?
A change in your cat's coat color may indicate a skin infection or allergy. It's not a skin problem that causes the coat to change, but it's because cats wash themselves more often than usual.
Illness and stress, especially if chronic or prolonged, can affect the appearance of a cat's coat, especially its shine and texture, and many cats shed excessive coat when stressed.
Sunlight can also change the color of your cat's fur, which will wash it out and make it less tonal. As they age, black cats can become grayish and orange cats can become yellowish. Outdoor cats may get more sunlight, but even indoor cats need sunlight.
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As a result of the cascade of electrons moving down the electron transport chain and leaving the light reactions A) NADP+ is reduced to NADPH. B) NADP+ is oxidized to NADPH. C) NADPH is reduced to NADP D) NADPH is oxidized to NADP to ATP, chloroplasts transform
As a result of the cascade of electrons moving down the electron transport chain and leaving the light reactions NADP+ is reduced to NADPH.
Light-dependent reactions are jargon for certain photochemical processes that occur during photosynthesis, the primary mechanism by which plants obtain energy. The first light-dependent reaction happens in photosystem II (PSII), while the second occurs in photosystem I. (PSI),
PSII absorbs a photon to form a high energy electron, which travels through cytochrome b6f and ultimately to PSI via an electron transport chain. The reduced PSI then absorbs another photon, resulting in a more strongly reducing electron that transforms NADP+ to NADPH. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen (O2) as a by-product
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The Gap 1, DNA Synthesis, and Gap 2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively called:
The Gap 1, DNA Synthesis, and Gap 2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively called interphase.
Interphase, which comprises the G1, S, and G2 phases, is the portion of the cell cycle that is not accompanied by observable changes under the microscope. The cell grows (G1), duplicates its DNA (S), and prepares for mitosis during interphase (G2).
Interphase cells are not just dormant. The label quiescent (i.e. dormant) would be deceptive because a cell in interphase is quite active, creating proteins, transcribing DNA into RNA, absorbing external material, and processing signals, to mention a few. Only in terms of cell division is the cell dormant (i.e. the cell is out of the cell cycle, G0).
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What does Napoleon do to show that he disagrees with Snowball's windmill plans?
Napoleon looks over Snowball's proposals and urinates on them to show his disdain. When Snowball has finished his blueprints, everyone gets together for a big meeting to decide whether to move through with the windmill project.
In Chapter 6, Napoleon asserts that Snowball was responsible for destroying the windmill. Because the reader is aware of the truth while the characters in the book believe Napoleon, this is a dramatic irony. A plot device that foreshadows future events; frequently raises the reader's tension or concern.
Napoleon makes a counterargument, claiming that building the windmill will divert time and resources away from the more important task of supplying food. Snowball is convinced that the windmill will eventually become a labour-saving technology.
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Why do cells need a high surface area to volume ratio ?
The surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) is a mathematical formula used to measure the relative size of a cell. It is the ratio of the surface area of a cell to its volume. Cells need to maintain a high SA:V in order to survive and function properly.
First, a high surface area to volume ratio is needed in order for the cell to take in essential nutrients and expel waste. All cells must take in oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients from the environment in order to survive, and they must also get rid of waste products such as carbon dioxide and other toxins. The surface area of a cell provides an area for the cell to access these materials, and the volume of the cell determines how much material can be moved in and out of the cell. A higher SA:V means that more of the cell's surface area is available to take in materials, and more of the cell's volume is available to expel waste.
Second, a high surface area to volume ratio is also necessary for the cell to carry out its metabolic processes. The metabolic processes of a cell require energy, which comes from the breakdown of glucose and other molecules. A higher SA:V allows for more of the cell's surface area to be used for enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and more of the cell's volume to be used for the storage and transport of molecules to and from the cell.
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