The adjustment for overapplied overhead decreases cost of goods sold and increases net income.
Net income refers to the amount of money a company earns after all expenses and taxes have been subtracted from its total revenue. It is also known as "net profit" or "bottom line." This figure is used to measure a company's financial performance and is important for investors and analysts to consider when evaluating a company's overall health.
Overapplied overhead happens when costs caused are not as much as what an organization represents in its financial plan. This implies that an organization comes in under financial plan and accomplishes a lower measure of above costs during the bookkeeping time frame.
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when assessing a country’s economic market potential, examine all of the following except
O government laws
O consumption patterns
O population
O GDP
Economic indicators include measurements of macroeconomic stability and performance, such as gross domestic product (GDP), consumption, investment, and international trade (central government budgets, prices, the money supply, and the balance of payments). Hence, the correct option is (C) population.
Any nation's prosperity depends on economic development and growth. It is determined by how much a country has improved its production of goods and services while also raising its citizens' quality of life in comparison to earlier years.
Economic growth is the rise in the quantity of goods and services produced over an extended period of time by an economy, often a country.
It is expressed as a gain in the real gross domestic product (GDP), which is GDP that has been inflation-adjusted. GDP is the market value of all finished products and services generated in a nation or economy.
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True or false: When auditing financial statements, auditors seek to identify all misstatements in the financial statements, regardless of size.
False. Only substantial misstatements are targeted by auditors. Despite the possibility of doing so, they do not intentionally include non-material misstatements in the design of their audit methods.
Factual misstatement, judgement misstatement, and projected misstatement are the three different kinds of misrepresentation. A misrepresentation that is factually accurate is one that involves the client's account balances or transactions. Typically, auditors have access to supporting papers so they can check them for factual errors. Inaccurate judgement: Judgmental misstatement is a type of error that happens in audits when the client's judgement and the auditor's judgement diverge. The accounting estimate and accounting policies on areas where judgement is required, which auditors deem improper, are some examples.
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According to the consensus of the research, some people are genetically predisposed to be entrepreneurs. Group of answer choices True False
The claim is untrue because an entrepreneur takes on all of the risk while launching a brand-new, cutting-edge company on their own.
Does entrepreneurship run in the family?The study's findings are fascinating. 37% to 48% of the propensity to start your own business is inherited. Important behavioral traits like extroversion and openness are genetically predetermined, therefore genes might affect your propensity to start your own business by affecting your "entrepreneur personality."
Is being an entrepreneur a calling for everyone?In summary, success in any area of life is not a result of innate qualities. Instead, it is accomplished by life experiences, education, and desire. Likewise, in business. Entrepreneurs are not genetically predisposed.
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PPE stands for __________________ and is specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials.
PPE, or personal protective equipment, refers to specialized clothing or other items that employees wear to protect themselves against infectious materials.
What do PPE's five examples mean?Wearing personal protection equipment, also referred to as "PPE," can assist lower risk exposure. PPE includes items like gloves, foot and eye protection, protected hearing devices (earplugs, muffs), hard helmets, respirators, and full body suits.
How come PPE is used?PPE acts as a barrier between your skin, mouth, nose, and eyes and infectious agents including bacteria and viruses when worn properly (mucous membranes). The barrier may stop the transmission of contaminants from blood, body fluids, or respiratory secretions.
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An agent is permitted to open all of the following customer accounts except A) a partnership account opened by the designated partner. B) a corporate account opened by the designated officer. C) an account in the name of Mrs. Jones opened by Mr. Jones. D) a minor's account opened by a custodian.
C) An agent is permitted to open all of the following customer accounts except an account in the name of Mrs. Jones opened by Mr. Jones.
Which of the following account holders can authorize another holder to trade? Only Second Parties have the authority to open accounts, hence only a Second Party has the authority to grant trading permission to a First Party (for a discretionary account) or a Third Party (a Third Party trading authorization).
When a business wishes to open a cash account with a broker-dealer, which of the following paperwork won't be necessary?
Since the corporation wants to open a "Cash" account, a margin agreement is not necessary to open the account, as can be seen by carefully reading the query.
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In a manufacturing business, which of the following transforms finished goods into cash?
A)sales process
B)manufacturing process
C)inbound logistics
D)warehouse operations
E)outbound logistics
In a manufacturing business, sales process transforms finished goods into cash.so option A is correct.
What what is a sales process?A sales process is a series of reiterable stages that a salesperson follows to move a potential customer from the initial stage of awareness to a closed deal. Additionally, elite sellers invest, on average, 6 hours every week in locating and analyzing their prospects. The strategy your business uses to sell clients on your good or service is called the sales process, commonly referred to as a sales cycle. From the initial contact with a lead through the successful sale, there are several phases involved. Creating a relationship with a new person is comparable to the sales process.
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How do you make a decision on a large purchase?
The initial stage in making large purchases is Why you need it should come before selecting what to buy and how much it will cost. Determine if this is an expense that can wait by evaluating the item's usefulness in light of your existing financial circumstances.
You need to see if it fits your budget now that you know how much you need to put toward your large buy each month. You'll typically need to tweak certain things. When preparing to make significant purchases, research is a crucial step. To find out if a product is what you want, read product reviews. Additionally, you ought to consider its future value and resale price.
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Your customer wishes to purchase shares of an IPO. During the cooling- off period, the customer can A) indicate an interest in the offering. B) purchase shares in limited amounts. C) enter an order to sell the new issue short upon the effective date. D) pay in advance for shares to be purchased when the cooling-off period ends.
The correct answer to the given question about the customer's wish to purchase a share of an initial public offering (IPO), the customer can: A) indicate an interest in the offering.
A stock launch, also known as an initial public offering (IPO), is a public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional and typically also to retail (individual) investors. The shares are typically underwritten by one or more investment banks and listed on one or more stock exchanges. A privately held corporation becomes a public company by undergoing this procedure, also referred to as floating or going public. Initial public offerings can be used to increase a company's equity capital, monetize the investments of private shareholders, such as the founders of the company or private equity investors, and make it simple to trade existing holdings or raise additional capital in the future by becoming publicly traded.
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of a fund as defined by GASB standards?
Multiple Choice
O A self-balancing set of accounts.
O A reporting entity.
O A fiscal entity.
O An accounting entity.
A reporting entity is not a characteristic of a fund as defined by GASB standards.
What are funds?
A fund is a pool of money that is allocated for a specific purpose. A fund can be established for many different purposes: a city government setting aside money to build a new civic center, a college setting aside money to award a scholarship, or an insurance company that sets aside money to pay its customers’ claims.
What are the three categories of funds prescribed by GASB standards?
Funds that are prescribed by GASB standards are:
Governmental funds.
Proprietary funds.
Fiduciary funds.
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Which of the following will increase planned investment spending on the part of firms?
A. A lower real interest rate
B. Increased optimism about future demand for its product
C. Increases in the corporate income tax
D. All of the above
E. A and B only
A lower real interest rate and Increased optimism about future demand for its product will increase planned investment spending on the part of firms.
Option E is correct.
What increases planned capital expenditures?According to the accelerator principle, higher real GDP growth leads to more planned capital spending. According to the accelerator principle, lower real GDP growth means less planned capital spending.
What causes the increase in costs?Consumption is primarily financed from our income. Real wages are therefore a key determinant, but consumer spending is also influenced by other factors such as interest rates, inflation, confidence, savings rates and the availability of funds.
What does planned investment mean in economics?In general, a planned investment is an amount that an investment company plans to make in a year. Actual investment is the investment actually made in one year. If the actual investment is greater than the planned investment, the inventory will increase as it is part of the capital.
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6 main emotional road blocks james L adams identified as preventing us from creativity
James L. Adams identified six main emotional roadblocks that prevent creativity. These roadblocks are fear of failure, fear of the unknown, self-doubt, low self-esteem, pessimism, and a lack of motivation.
Fear of failure can be a powerful roadblock to creativity as it can limit our willingness to try something new or take risks. Fear of the unknown can also prevent us from being creative, as we may be unsure of what to expect.
Self-doubt can keep us from being creative as we may not believe in our own abilities.
Low self-esteem can lead to a lack of confidence, which can keep us from pursuing creative activities.
Pessimism can prevent us from seeing the potential of our ideas, as we may expect them to fail.
Finally, a lack of motivation can be an obstacle to creativity, as we may not feel inspired to create. By recognizing and overcoming these emotional roadblocks, we can open ourselves up to greater creativity.
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________ is a major issue faced by companies when implementing enterprise systems.
The gap between the requirements of an organization and the capabilities of an application is a major issue faced by companies when implementing enterprise systems.
A need is a distinct, documented operational or physical need that a given design, product, or process seeks to address in product design and optimizations. The product development process' design stages incorporate a set of criteria. Since tests should be able to be traced back to particular requirements, demands are therefore a crucial component of the verification process. The features and functionalities required for the specific project are represented by the objectives. The components are gradually established in tandem with design and execution when iterative or agile software development techniques are employed.
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Which of the following would find the most utility from GAAP accounting methodology?
A. Vendors
B. Doctors
C. Athletes
D. Households
D. Households would not find utility from GAAP accounting methodology.
What is GAAP?According to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), businesses and organizations must record, categorize, and summarize financial transactions as well as disclose financial information in a clear and consistent manner. Organizations and businesses use it mostly. Households would not find utility as the financial transactions and activities of a household would not typically be subject to the same reporting and disclosure requirements as a business or organization. Thus businesses and organizations that are publicly traded or seeking capital from public markets would find the most utility from GAAP accounting methodology, as it is a requirement for them to follow the standards.To know more about GAAP , check out :
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Why does unemployment rise during a recession?
Answer: During the recession, which is a time of weak economic growth the demand for goods and services declines, and businesses start to lay off employees while holding off on boosting prices. Thus, during recessions, unemployment increases.
Explanation: The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people among the total labor force in an economy.
Unemployment rate = (Number of unemployed individuals )/(sum of employed and unemployed individuals)x 100
Changing economic conditions in a country may lead to a rise or fall in the unemployment rate. Good economic condition is expected to reduce the unemployment rate while bad economic conditions are expected to inflate the unemployment rate.
Unemployment during Recession: During the recession, which is a time of weak economic growth the demand for goods and services declines, and businesses start to lay off employees while holding off on boosting prices. Thus, during recessions, unemployment increases and inflation declines.
Would you describe the Classic Watch Company
as being product-oriented or market-orientated?
Explain your answer.
Answer:
The Classic Watch Company is likely market-oriented. This means that the company is focused on understanding its customers’ needs and wants and designing products that meet those needs. The company takes into account the preferences of the market and adjusts its products to meet the demands of the market. The company is not just focused on creating a product and expecting the market to buy it; instead, it is actively seeking out customer feedback and using it to make informed decisions about the products and services it offers.
If the number of labor force participants equals 146.8 million people and 8.2 million are unemployed, how many are employed
The Employed Population is computed at 138.6 Million.
The definition of employment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is employed. They are calculated as the proportion of people who are employed to people who are of working age. The economic cycle has an impact on employment rates, but over the long run, higher education, income support, and policies that encourage women and underrepresented groups in the workforce have a substantial impact.
Given Data:
Labor Force = 146.8 Million
Unemployed Population = 8.2 Million
Using the following formula, we can calculate the Employed Population:
Labour Force = Unemployed Population + Employed Population
146.8 = 8.2 + E
E = 146.8 - 8.2 = 138.6
Therefore, the Employed Population = 138.6 Million.
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Recall that productivity is defined as the amount of goods and services a worker can produce per hour. In this problem, measure productivity as the quantity of goods per hour of labor. Output (Garments) (Garments Labor Force (Workers) 60 100 Physical Capital per Worker (Looms) Labor Hours Labor Productivity Physical Capital (Looms) 120 400 per hour of labor) Year 2013 2014 3,000 21,000 3,500 49,000 in labor Based on your calculations productivity from 2013 to 2014 in physical capital per worker from 2013 to 2014 is associated with Suppose you're in charge of establishing economic policy for this small island country Which of the following policies would lead to greater productivity in the weaving industry? Check all that apply Offering free public education to every worker in the country Encouraging saving by allowing workers to set aside a portion of their earnings in tax-free retirement accounts Subsidizing research and development into new weaving technologies Sharply increasing the interest rate on student loans to people pursuing advanced degrees in weaving
The quantity of goods and services produced in one hour of labor is known as labor productivity. The amount of equipment, structures, and computers per worker is known as physical capital per worker.
1) Year 2013:
Physical Capital per worker = Physical Capital / Workforce
Physical Capital per worker = 120 / 60 = 2
Labor productivity = Production / labor hours
Labor productivity = 21000 / 3000 = 7.
Therefore, Labor Productivity in the year 2013 is 7
2) Year 2014:
Physical capital per worker = Physical capital / Workforce
Physical capital per worker = 400 / 100 = 4,
Labor productivity = Production / labor hours
Labor productivity = 49000 / 3500 = 14.
Therefore, Labor Productivity in the year 2014 is 14.
Based on your calculations, an increase in physical capital per worker from 2013 to 2014 is associated with an increase in labor productivity from 2013 to 2014.
The following regulations might increase productivity in the weaving sector:
(1) Free education would help to improve worker quality, which would raise labor productivity.
(2) Increasing investment would result from promoting saving
(3) Increasing R&D subsidies would raise labor standards.
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The decisions marketing managers make regarding the marketing budget and profitability revolve around the marketing mix which includes: A. Product, price, profit, promotion B. Product, price, promotion, place C. Positioning, performance, potential, profitability D. Price, place, people, promotion E. Place, potential, product, performance
C.Positioning, performance, potential, profitability.Marketing is the management of lucrative relationships that draw in new clients with higher value and keep old ones by satisfying their needs.
There are five main marketplace and customer notions.
Customer requirements, desires, and needs. Human needs can include physical, social, and individual demands and are states of felt deprivation. Human needs manifest as wants, which are influenced by culture and personality. Demands are merely human desires supported by purchasing power.
Market offerings are combinations of goods, experiences, and services made available to a market to meet a need or want. These can be tangible goods or services, which are fundamentally intangible activities.
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A company's sales clearly represent a source of funds. However, they do not appear on the balance sheet. Why
Not the activity itself as measured by sales, but the balance resulting from the activity is what is displayed on the balance.
I concur with the claim that the company's net income and owner equity statement are both indirectly included in the balance sheet of the business. Since the balance sheet is a statement that details the financial performance or condition of the business at a particular or specific point in time.
Because owner's equity is the capital of the firm as stated in the balance sheet as opposed to net income, which is the result of the income statement and is immediately displayed in the income statement. Retained profits already comprise net income, thus it appears indirectly on the balance sheet.
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What are agents, software, or businesses that provide a trading infrastructure to bring buyers and sellers together
Brokerage Firms exist to help their clients find the right buyer and seller for a transactions by bringing them together at the best price for every party, all while taking a commission for your services.
What is Brokerage Firm?An intermediary who brings together buyers and sellers to finish a transaction for company shares, bonds, choices, and other investment vehicles is known as a brokerage business or brokerage company. Once the transaction is completed, commissions or fees are levied as payment to the broker.
In a number of situations, such as investing, borrowing the money, and purchasing real estate, a brokerage provides intermediary services. Brokers act as middlemen to facilitate transactions between buyers and sellers. A broker might be a person or a business.
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Although not formally given a leadership role, Belinda has a lot of influence on other team members. They like and respect her and feel she has a unique ability to help the team reach its goals. What is Belinda
However, this management approach results in little leadership or supervisory efforts from managers and impedes the development of workers who need guidance.
What exactly is a peer-to-peer relationship?Peer relationships are formed and strengthened by interpersonal contacts involving peers or people who have attained a similar level of psychological development. Peer relationships are a type of social support .
What are the advantages of P2P?These are a few benefits of P2P networks: P2P networks don't require an expensive server to function. A network manager is not required because each user is in charge of their own computer. P2P network configuration is done using software wizards. Both homes and small companies can set up P2P networks.
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6) An investment will pay $5,000 at the end of each year for 25 years and on the date of the last payment will also make a separate payment of $40,000. If your required rate of return on this investment is 5%, how much would you be willing to pay for the bond today
An investment will pay $5,000 at the end of each year for 25 years and the last payment will also make a separate payment of $40,000. If your required rate of investment is 5%, the amount will be $82281.83.
What is an easy way to define investment?A purchase made with the intention of creating income or capital growth is known as an investment. An asset's value increasing over time is referred to as appreciation. When a person invests in a good, they do not intend to utilize it as a source of immediate consumption, but rather as a tool for future wealth creation.
How Do Investments Operate?The simplest way to understand how investing works is to acquire an asset for a low price and then sell it for a higher price. This type of investment return is referred to as a capital gain. One strategy to make money investing is to generate returns by achieving capital gains or selling assets for a profit.
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Which of the following are essential questions that strategic leaders need to consider to increase the probability of entering an industry successfully? (Check all that apply.)
Multiple select question.
When to enter?
Who are the players?
How to enter?
What type of entry should be made?
Why is it important to study the external environment?
The essential questions that strategic leaders need to consider to increase the probability of entering an industry successfully are
a) When to enter?
b) Who are the players?
c) How to enter?
d) What type of entry should be made?
It's essential to ask yourself the right questions in order to increase the probability of success when entering into an industry.
When it comes to entering a new industry, strategic leaders have many important questions to consider.
The main questions are when to enter, who the players are, how to enter, and what type of entry should be made. By carefully considering each of these questions, leaders can increase their chances of entering the industry successfully.
These questions help in forming proper strategies for entering into an industry.
Knowing the answers to these questions is key to setting up a successful venture into the industry.
The question will correctly be written as:
Which of the following are essential questions that strategic leaders need to consider to increase the probability of entering an industry successfully? (Check all that apply.)
Multiple select question.
a) When to enter?
b) Who are the players?
c) How to enter?
d) What type of entry should be made?
e) Why is it important to study the external environment?
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Which of the following types of business organizations do not protect owners' personal assets from losses incurred by the business?
General partnership.
Sole proprietorship.
S corporation.
C corporation.
General partnership and Sole proprietorship both business organizations do not protect owners' personal assets from losses incurred by the business.
What are business organizations?
A business organisation is an entity created with the intention of conducting a purchasing and selling business. These organisations are founded on the legal systems that control contracts, exchanges of goods and services, ownership rights, and incorporation. Managing and planning different activities is a concern of the business organisation system. In order to produce goods and services, resources like labour, equipment, capital, and funds must be accumulated and coordinated. The successful business works to manage and regulate all of these production factors.
Whether a corporation is set up as a C or S corporation, its owners have limited liability, which protects their personal assets from losses caused by the businesses. Owners of general partnerships and sole proprietorships are personally liable for the company's losses.
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Find the EAR in each of the following cases (Use 365 days a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e. G. , 32. 16. ):
Stated Rate (APR) Number of Times Compounded Effective Rate (EAR)
9. 1 % Quarterly %
18. 1 Monthly
14. 1 Daily
11. 1 Infinite
The Effective Annual Rate (EAR) for 9. 1 % Quarterly %, 18. 1 Monthly, 14. 1 Daily, 11. 1 Infinite are 9.42%, 19.68%, 15.14% and 11.74% respectively.
What do you mean by Effective Annual Rate?
The rate of interest that is actually generated on an investment or paid on a loan as a result of compounding interest over a specified amount of time is known as the Effective Annual Rate (EAR). It is used to evaluate various financial products that compute annual interest with various compounding periods, such as weekly, monthly, yearly, etc., and is typically higher than the nominal rate. The effective yearly interest rate rises up over time as the number of compounding periods goes up. The nominal rate specifies a yearly percentage rate regardless of compounding, although the actual annual rate is typically greater. When compared to the nominal rate, the effective yearly rate rises as the number of compounding periods increases.
EAR=(1+APR/m)^m-1
where m=compounding periods
1. EAR=(1+0.091/4)^4-1
=9.42%(Approx).
2. EAR=(1+0.181/12)^12-1
=19.68%(Approx).
3. EAR=(1+0.141/365)^365-1
=15.14%(Approx).
4. EAR=(e)^APR-1
where e=2.71828
EAR=(2.71828)^0.111-1
=11.74%(Approx)
So, The required answers are 9.42%, 19.68%,15.14% and 11.74% approximately.
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Entries for Materials GenX Furnishings manufactures designer furniture. GenX Furnishings uses a job order cost system. Balances on June 1 from the materials ledger are as follows: Fabric Polyester filling Lumber Glue The materials purchased during June are summarized from the receiving reports as follows Fabric Polyester filling Lumber Glue Materials were requisitioned to individual jobs as follows $40,500 28,600 62,400 6,550 $440,000 180,000 360,000 40,000 Polyester Filling Fabric $205,000 110,000 130,000 Lumber Glue Total Job 601 Job 602 Job 603 Factory overhead-indirect materials Total $400,000 234,000 310,000 $34,800 34,800 $166,000 $333,000 $34,800 $978,800 $75,000 $120,000 88,000 55,000 125,000 36,000 $445,000
Journal entries for materials are used to record the purchase. Therefore, $1,020,000 is debited to Materials and credited to Accounts Payable.
What does journal entry mean?A journal entry is a record of business transactions in your books of accounts. Double-entry bookkeeping creates at least two journal entries for each transaction. A single transaction can cause many changes in a company, so accountants track them all in journal entries.
Journal entries fall into six main types: opening journals, transfer journals, closing journals, adjusting journals, compound journals, and reversing journals. Each of these entries has a specific function in accounting.
What are Tally's journal entries?Tally ERP 9 uses Journal Vouchers to record cash and non-bank financial transactions. Journal entries record transactions related to depreciation, accruals, credit fixed asset sales, depreciation balances, and adjustment transactions.
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Who can grant or deny a petition for the reinstatement of a real estate license that had been revoked?
It depends on the state.
The agency or organization that issued the real estate license in the first place would be the one to grant or deny a petition for reinstatement of a revoked license. This is typically a state-level regulatory agency or professional organization that oversees the licensing and regulation of real estate agents and brokers.
In the PSSP hierarchy of needs model, which level is illustrated by a "Got Milk?" magazine campaign that encourages customers to drink more milk?
In the PSSP Hierarchy of needs model, the level which is illustrated by a got milk magazine campaign which tends to encourage the consumers to drink more milk is for the physiological needs.
The PSSP Hierarchy of Needs is considered to be a theory which is put into the shape of a pyramid which tends to represent a consumer's needs. Here, the needs which are most important to a consumer and their well-being are at the bottom of the pyramid and so as the needs get less important they then move up in the pyramid.
However, the physiological needs are considered to be the lowest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. They are considered to be the most essential things a person needs in order to survive. Thus, they include the need for water, shelter, water, rest, warmth, and health.
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A large share of the world supply of diamonds comes from Russia and South Africa. Suppose that the marginal cost (and ATC) of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000 per diamond, and the demand for diamonds is described by the following schedule:
Table 2: Demand for Diamonds
Price Quantity
$8,000 5,000
7,000 6,000
6,000 7,000
5,000 8,000
4,000 9,000
3,000 10,000
2,000 11,000
1,000 12,000
(a) If there were many suppliers of diamonds, what would be the price and quantity?
(b) If there were only one supplier of diamonds, what would be the price and quantity?
(c) If Russia and South Africa formed a cartel, what would be the price and quantity? If the countries split the market evenly, what would be South Africa's production and profit? What would happen to South Africa's profit if it increased its production by 1,000 while Russia stuck to the cartel agreement?
(d) Use your answers to part (c) to explain why cartel agreements are often not successful.
(a) the market would reach equilibrium at a price of $3,000 and a quantity of 10,000 the intersection of the demand, marginal cost curves, where quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded.
(b) If there were only one supplier of diamonds, what would be the price and quantity?(b) If there were only one supplier of diamonds, the supplier would have a monopoly and would set the price at the profit-maximizing level, which is the price where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. In this case, that would be $3,000 per diamond, as at this price, the quantity demanded would equal the quantity supplied. The quantity would be 10,000.
What would happen to South Africa's profit if it increased its production by 1,000 while Russia stuck to the cartel agreement?(c) If Russia and South Africa formed a cartel, they would collude to set a higher price, such as $6,000, in order to increase their profits. The quantity would decrease to 7,000. If the countries split the market evenly, South Africa would produce and sell 3,500 diamonds, earning a profit of $3,500,000 (3,500 x $1,000). If South Africa increases its production by 1,000 while Russia sticks to the cartel agreement, South Africa's profit would decrease to $2,000,000 (2,500 x $1,000) as it would have to sell the additional diamonds at the cartel price, earning only $6,000 per diamond instead of $1,000.
Use your answers to part (c) to explain why cartel agreements are often not successful.(d) Cartel agreements are often not successful because members have incentives to cheat on the agreement by increasing production to capture a larger share of the market. This can lead to a decrease in the overall price and profits for all members, as seen in the example above with South Africa increasing production. Additionally, new entrants may enter the market, breaking the cartel's control over the market. Furthermore, governments often intervene to prevent the formation of cartels or to break them up, as they can lead to higher prices for consumers and can restrict competition in the market.
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Suppose a security with a risk-free cash flow of $150 in one year trades for $140 today. If there are no arbitrage opportunities, what is the current risk-free interest rate
With no arbitrage, the current risk-free interest rate is $ 7.14% and $ 1.0714% in one year.
The PV of the security's cash flow is ($150 in one year) ((1+r), where r is the one-year risk-free interest rate. If there are no arbitrage opportunities, this PV equals the security's price of $140 today. Therefore,
= $140 today = ($150 in one year) / (1+r) = ($150 in one year) / $140 today = (1+r) = $ 1.0714 in one year/ $ today, so = 7.14%
The risk-free rate of return, most commonly abbreviated as the "risk-free rate," is the rate of return on a fictitious investment with predetermined payments over a certain amount of time that is expected to fulfill all financial obligations. The risk-free rate may be acquired without taking any risks, hence any other investment that involves any risk needs to have a higher rate of return in order to entice investors to hold it. In reality, market participants frequently select the yield to maturity of a risk-free bond issued by a government of the same currency, whose default risks are so minimal as to be negligible, in order to deduce the risk-free interest rate in that currency.
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