Condensation of nucleoside triphosphate with a hexose 1 phosphate to form a sugar nucleotide has a small free energy change and this condensation is irreversible because the reaction releases PPi, which is rapidly hydrolyzed by inorganic pyrophosphatase (highly exergonic).
PPi is kept low, making first step favorable & ensures results favorable energy change (exergonic) therefore formation of sugar nucleotides drives the reaction forward / is metabolically irreversible.
Reaction is strongly exergonic, due to coupling with hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (rapid removal of product shifts equilibrium forward to make reaction favorable).
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If you cross two pea plants, one with green peas and the other with yellow peas, and all of the offspring have yellow peas. You conclude?
You conclude yellow parent which was homozygous for the dominant allele.
The yellow is dominant over green, as genome of every organism is consists of two nearly identical copies of alleles a gene.
It is so because we have two copies of each gene is that we inherit one from each parent, for a cross between a plant with yellow peas and one with green peas. The yellow seed color is the dominant phenotypic character and the green seed color is the recessive phenotypic character in this cross, plants with yellow seed offspring and green seed offspring are formed in the ratio of 3:1, which is a phenotypic ratio.
Therefore, in this case yellow-seed allele is dominant and the green-seed allele is recessive.
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12. Do the optimal conditions for amylase function correspond with the usual conditions of the human body
Yes, the optimal conditions for amylase function correspond with the usual conditions of the human body.
Temperature and pH of amylase:The pH and temperature ranges for Amylase are 7 (neutral) and 37 °C, respectively. Our bodies include the enzyme AMYLASE, which aids in the body's ability to digest food. Saliva and the pancreas contain amylase. Glycogen, starch, and other related polysaccharides are hydrolyzed (broken down) into simpler, more useable forms of sugar by amylase.
Alpha-1,4-glucan 4-glucano-hydrolase, also known as purified human pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), was discovered to be stable throughout a wide pH range (5.0 to 10.5), with 7.0 being the ideal pH for enzymatic activity. For soluble starch, the enzyme's Michaelis constant was discovered to be 2.51 mg per ml under the ideal pH and assay conditions. Sulfate and nitrate were not necessary for the enzyme to function; however, halide ions were.
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Of the five known human sensory systems, which type of hallucination is the most common?
Explain why the plant height at 50 mL is not consistent with the rest of the data. What evidence can you use from the regression analysis to make this point?
The plant height of not persistent with the rest of the data due to probably the wrong amount of gibberellic acid added to the plant at that step.
What is regression analysis?Regression analysis can be defined as the method that is used to compare an independent variable with a dependent variable.
When a graph is plotted between Independent variable (gibberellic acid) and the Dependent variable (plant height) it is scattered because 50ml data.
This is so due to probably the wrong amount of gibberellic acid added to the plant at that step.
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What two types of evolutionary evidence, taken together, provide strong evidence for when extinct species most likely diverged from common ancestors, relative to other events happening on Earth
Answer:
"DNA mutation rate" and "Homologous structures".
Homologous and analogous structures are two types of evolutionary evidence, taken together, provide strong evidence for when extinct species most likely diverged from common ancestors, relative to other events happening on Earth.
Several types of evidence support the theory of evolution: If two or more species share a unique physical feature, such as a complex bone structure or body plan, they can all inherit this property from the common ancestor. Physical traits shared through evolutionary history (common ancestor) they say they are homologous. Not all physical properties that look similar are signs of common ancestry. Some physical similarities instead are analogous: they evolved independently in different organisms because organisms lived in similar environments or experienced similar selective pressures.
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The theory of endosymbiosis is supported by all but which of these observations?
The exterior arrangement similar to bacterial cell walls is not an evidence in favors of the endosymbiotic theory. Endosymbiotic theory States that organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes which eventually lived symbiotically within larger cells, forming modern day eukaryotes.
In addition to the lack of histones, mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular, single stranded DNA. Single stranded, circular DNA is found exclusively in prokaryotes. This evidence supports the endosymbiosis theory because these characteristics would allow the mitochondria and chloroplasts to survive on their own. Evidences that support endosymbiotic theory are presence of DNA, size of ribosomes, Inhibition by antibiotics, evolutionary relationship.
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Which is the best definition of directional selection? a process by which two species can no longer reproduce a process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored a process by which both extreme variations of a trait are favored a process by which average individuals in a population are favored
A process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored.
What is directional selection?A population tends to evolve toward one end of a trait range due to a natural process called directional selection. Some characteristics, like eye color, are discrete and have distinct variations, but other characteristics are continuous and have a large range of almost infinite values (think height). Only one variety will be chosen for a specific attribute under directed selection (only blue eyes).
The highest or lowest value of a continuous feature will be chosen if a directional selection is applied (only tall people). When a population is subjected to directional selection over time, the qualities that are selected for will remain stable while the traits that are selected against will disappear.
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Answer:
b
Explanation:
b
A 1500 iu (300 µg) dose of rhig can suppress immunization to _____ ml of d-positive whole blood.
A 1500 iu (300 µg) dose of rhig can suppress immunization to 30ml ml of d-positive whole blood
About 30 mL of D-positive whole blood can prevent immunization with 300 g of RhIg (15 mL of packed rbc). If the gestational age is less than 12 weeks, a dose of 600 IU (120 g) can be adequate. The recommended dosages change from nation to country and even within countries depending on the foetus' development.
In North America, it is accepted that 300 g of RhIg can prevent the immunisation of about 30 mL of whole blood that has tested positive for D. For example, FMH larger than 30 mL of whole blood (for 300 g dosages) and FMH above 12 mL of RBC (for 100 g doses) both call for testing to identify larger foetal bleeds.
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process of DNA replication
DNA replication is the process through which cells make copies of the genome's DNA. A cell must first replicate its full genome before it can divide, ensuring that each daughter cell has a complete genome upon division.
What is DNA replication?A double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to create two identical DNA molecules through DNA replication. Because every time a cell splits, the two new daughter cells must have the same genetic material, or DNA, as the parent cell, replication is crucial.The ability of each DNA strand to function as a template for duplication is essential to the replication process. DNA double helix unwinding occurs at specified locations, known as origins, where DNA replication begins.The production of a primer, a brief section of RNA that serves as the beginning point for synthesizing fresh DNA, follows. By matching nucleotides to those on the original strand, an enzyme known as DNA polymerase starts duplicating the DNA. Once synthesis is finished, the RNA primers are switched out for DNA, and any gaps between freshly produced DNA segments are closed by enzymes.Since DNA replication is a critical process, the freshly manufactured DNA is proofread by the cell to make sure no errors or mutations are added. Once a cell's DNA has been duplicated, it can divide into two identical copies, each of which has the original DNA.To learn more about DNA, refer to:
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Which one of the following conditions is linked to poverty, insufficient food intake, poor food quality unsanitary living conditions, and improper feeding of infants and young children?
Obesity
Heart disease
Cancer
Protein-energy malnutrition
Answer: Protein-energy malnutrition
Explanation:
Progressive muscle relaxation involves tensing and relaxing key muscle groups in order to:________
Why is the immune system necessary in
an organism?
A. without it there would be nothing to fight off infection
B. it provides structure for the body
C. the cells transfer oxygen around the body
D. the organs in it help absorb nutrients for the body
Answer: A
Explanation:
al has a pet cat. one day he observes that it is scratching and urinating on tree trunks in his yard. what behavior is al's cat displaying?
Al's cat is displaying territoriality by marking his territory by marking territory with urine and scratches.
Territoriality
Territoriality is the defense of the area where an organism lives. The marked area is often regarded as the territory of the animal living there. Al's cat is marking its territory by urinating on the plants and scratching them. Other animals that enter the territory of the cat will be able to know that the territory is not theirs and keep themselves away from the same. If an animal invades the territory of another animal it might get attacked by the animal whose territory it just invaded.
Marking the territory often comes with many perks as the animal is able to lay claim to the food, nest locations, shelter, interactions with mates, etc. The animal is able to monopolize the space in which they live.
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Two factors affect the ability of drugs to destroy organisms in a ____________ community; the drug must be able to penetrate the thick sticky ____________ material surrounding the organisms, and the altered ____________ in biofilm organisms compared to their free-living counterparts must be addressed.
Two factors affect the ability of drugs to destroy organisms in a biofilm community; the drug must be able to penetrate the thick sticky extracellular material surrounding the organisms, and the altered phenotypes in biofilm organisms compared to their free-living counterparts must be addressed.
What are the factors affecting drug action?Factors affecting drug action includes:
Drug dosage: effect of drug increases with increased amount of drug up to the POINT OF RECEPTOR SATURATIONNumber of Receptors: receptors may be differentially expressed in one tissue to the next and, therefore, mediate different levels of biological responses.Disease states: disease states can effect drug pharmacologyDrug Efficacy/Intrinsic activity: ability to activate or block a receptor: maximum effect a drug can produce regardless of the doseDrug Potency/Affinity: rate of drug-receptor binding and drug-receptor release: amount of drug needed to produce a particular effect: drug affinity for receptor.Genetic factorsRoute of administration: The drug injected by IV fluid is more effective.Rate and degree of absorption: The drug which is more absorbed is more effective.Effect of other drugsToleranceTo learn more about Drugs,
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Melanin Group of answer choices occurs at high rates in individuals with light skin tone. is advantageous because it provides protection from solar radiation. develops more with age. is a chemical that decreases the possibility of a tan.
Melanin is advantageous because it provides protection from solar radiation.
The coloring of the skin and hair is caused by melanin. Additionally, it shields the skin from the sun. The cells known as melanocytes create the pigment melanin. The skin, hair, and eyes are just a few body regions where these cells can be found.Defense against UV radiation. Melanin shields your skin from damaging rays like UVA, UVB, UVC, and blue light by absorbing them.Safety against reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cell processes in your body produce reactive oxygen species as byproducts.In addition to having a higher risk of developing skin cancer, redheads and blondes have less melanin in their skin and hair, which actually intensifies the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.learn more about Melanin here: https://brainly.com/question/11081398
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How do cells become different types of tissues that work together in organ systems?.
Answer:
Individual cells form different types of tissue. For example, myocytes make up muscle tissue. Muscle tissue works with other types of tissue such as connective tissue or vascular tissue to form organs, like the stomach.
The cell becomes different types of tissue due to its specification and determination. Some genes are specifically expressed in some cells. The tissues of an organ have similar function and perform a single function in an organ.
What is cell specification?Cell specification is a process by which the cell already specifies its fate and expresses some specific characteristics. A zygote is a totipotent cell. This zygote is further divided and forms all types of cells.
As the cleavage proceeds, the zygote is divided into multiple cells. Each cell gets its fate and accumulates in tissue, organs, etc. The organ has all different types of tissues, such as the stomach, as an example. It has gastric cells for gastric juice secretion, chief cells, etc., but all these tissues perform functions for a single organ. This is due to chromosome modification and changes in chromatin gene structure.
Hence, cells become different types of tissue that coordinate different functions in an organ.
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How does a dog fulfill the three points of the cell theory?
Answer:?By stinking up the house
Explanation:Sorry im silly
Blood transport_________ from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
Answer:
Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to all cells of the body.
Explanation:
In the circulatory system , a person breaths in air which is then filtered for oxygen an d the rest of the components are discarded through exhaling .
The oxygen is then taken in by air sacks which later combines blood with oxygen , so hemoglobin which is a blood component takes it to form oxyhemoglobin , which runs through the blood vessels , to the cells for consumption .
The cells will then deposit the deoxygenated blood which returns back tot he heart and then lungs for oxygenation .
Unit 1: nature of science
Answer:
Nature of science (NOS) is a critical component of scientific literacy that enhances students' understandings of science concepts and enables them to make informed decisions about scientifically-based personal and societal issues.
Rene and Don are discussing the purpose of nutrients. Rene says that nutrients participate in chemical reactions and can change the taste of food. Don says nutrients act as structural materials for cells and provide the body with energy. Who is correct
Answer:
Don
Explanation:
nutrients help energize the body
Which hormone(s) is/are required for facultative water reabsorption in the collecting ducts?
ADH hormones are required for facultative water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.
What about facultative water reabsorption?The antidiuretic hormone is the hormone in charge of facultative water reabsorption (ADH). By enhancing the water permeability of key cells in the collecting duct and the last segment of the distal convoluted tubule, facultative water reabsorption is achieved. The proximal convoluted tubule is the initial area of the nephron that is in charge of reabsorbing water. The proximal tubule receives filtered fluid from Bowman's capsule. Antidiuretic hormone increases the reabsorption of water into the circulation by binding to receptors on cells in the kidney's collecting ducts. The collecting ducts are essentially impermeable to water in the absence of antidiuretic hormone, and water escapes as urine.In facultative reabsorption, water is reabsorbed through osmosis because the impact of ADH makes the collecting ducts more permeable to water.Learn more about hormone here:
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Would a drug that acts by disrupting the nuclear envelope (the double membrane surrounding the nucleus) be effective for treating bacterial infections
No, the drug which acts by disrupting the nuclear envelope will not be effective for treating bacterial infection.
Bacteria do not have the membrane-bound nuclei that are seen in eukaryotic cells; instead, their DNA forms a tangle that is referred to as a nucleoid. However, there is no membrane present around the nucleoid, and the DNA is not coupled to proteins like it is in eukaryotic cells. Loops can be seen in the DNA of bacteria, in contrast to the linear structures that make up chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.
Therefore, the drug will not be effective in treating bacterial infections as bacterial cells lack a double-membrane structure surrounding the nucleus.
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Which condition is a heightened response that occurs after exposure to a noxious stimulus?
Hyperalgesia is a heightened response that occurs after exposure to a noxious stimulus.
Hyperalgesia:An increased sensitivity to feeling pain and extreme response to pain. When the nerves or the chemical makeup of the nerve pathways involved in pain perception are damaged, hyperalgesia may result. Your body's particular nerve receptors are becoming more sensitive, which is the reason for this. As a result of a surgery or procedure, tissue or nerve injury may result in hyperalgesia. Additionally, it can happen to persons who are using opioids.
A noxious stimulus is one that is potent enough to endanger the integrity of the body (i.e. cause damage to tissue). Peripheral afferents, such as A-delta and C-nerve fibers and free nerve endings, are induced by noxious stimuli and are responsible for transmitting pain throughout an organism's nervous system.
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After the movie is over, Illana's heart rate starts to go back down, and the hairs on the back of her neck return to normal as she watches the credits scroll. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for this
Answer:
the heart it is because the heart beats and it goes up and down
Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by Check All That Apply causing skeletal muscle cells to uptake glucose.causing skeletal muscle cells to uptake glucose. causing liver cells to uptake glucose.causing liver cells to uptake glucose. causing glucose to be released in urine.causing glucose to be released in urine.
Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by doing the following:
Causing skeletal muscle cells to uptake glucose Causing liver cells to uptake glucoseWhat is insulin?Insulin is a protein-based hormone that controls the metabolism of glucose in living things' cells.
We digest the food's carbohydrate supply into glucose, the simplest chemical compound. This glucose enters the bloodstream and is used to create energy for respiration.
However, the blood sugar level can be quite high or low, leading to ailments such as diabetes. This is where insulin hormone comes in.
Insulin regulates high blood sugar level by doing the following:
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?
Hemophilia is a sex–linked disorder that is caused by a defective gene on the X chromosome. What will be the pattern of inheritance of the offspring of a hemophiliac father?
The pattern of inheritance of the offspring of a hemophiliac father would be heterozygous.
What is Hemophilia?Hemophilia is defined as the sex–linked disorder that occurs due to an abnormality of the X chromosome.
A father that has hemophilia would be affected only on his X chromosome and can only pass it to their children making them carries.
This is because the children would inherit only one X chromosome from their father and a healthy X chromosome from their mother.
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A chemoorganotrophic bacterium that respires nitrate grows _________ than one that respires oxygen.\
A chemoorganotrophic bacterium that respires nitrate grows slower than one that respires oxygen.
What is a chemoorganotrophic bacterium?A chemoorganotrophic bacterium is a type of microorganism from the kingdom Archaea that uses different chemicals to survive.
A chemoorganotrophic bacterium that uses nitrates has a slower metabolic rate than aerobic bacteria.
In conclusion, chemoorganotrophic bacteria using nitrate grows slower than aerobic bacteria.
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After teaching a group of students about fertilization, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which as the usual site of fertilization?
After teaching a group of students about fertilization, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies the distal portion of fallopian tube as the usual site of fertilization.
What is fertilization?Fertilization is defined as binding of a male gamete(sperm) to a female gamete(ova) which would lead to the formation of a zygote.
Without fertilization, reproduction and conception cannot take place for the development of a foetus.
In female reproductive system, this fertilization takes place in the distal portion of fallopian tube.
Therefore, after teaching a group of students about fertilization, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies the distal portion of fallopian tube as the usual site of fertilization.
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how does water get undergroud
Answer:
It seeps through soil, sand, and stone.
Explanation:
Almost all natural materials are porous, meaning they have little holes and openings things can seep through, especially liquid. The ground is made of natural substances, so therefore, water can get underground.