The difference between the calculated voltage (based on standard potentials) and the actual voltage required to cause electrolysis is called overvoltage.
ElectrolysisElectrolysis is the technique of causing a chemical change in a substance by passing an electric current through it. The substance either loses or gets an electron during the chemical transition (oxidation or reduction). The procedure is carried out in an electrolytic cell, a device made up of positive and negative electrodes that are kept apart and submerged in a solution with ions that are both positively and negatively charged. The chemical that needs to be converted might either be dissolved in the solution or could form the electrode. The negatively charged electrode (cathode) receives electrical current (i.e., electrons), which travels there and combines with the components of the solution to convert them (reduced).
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If sucrose is dissolved in water and the solution is kept overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose. A solution of sucrose at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because
The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is exergonic. However, if sucrose is dissolved in water and the solution is kept overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose because the activation energy of the reaction is high.
Hence, Option (B) is correct answer.
What is Activation Energy ?The minimum amount of energy that must be provided by a reacting molecules to get converted into the product is called Activation energy.
It is expressed as:
[tex]k = Ae^{\frac{-E_a}{RT}}[/tex]
where,
k = rate constant
A = pre-exponential factor
Eₐ = activation energy
R = universal gas constant
T = absolute temperature in K
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is exergonic. However, if sucrose is dissolved in water and the solution is kept overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose because the activation energy of the reaction is high.
Hence, Option (B) is correct answer.
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is exergonic. However, if sucrose is dissolved in water and the solution is kept overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose. Why?
A. The change in free energy of the reaction is positive.
B. The activation energy of the reaction is high.
C. The change in free energy of the reaction is negative.
D. This is a hydrolysis reaction, so it requires an input of energy.
E. The free energy of the products is higher than the free energy of the reactants.
Given that the initial rate constant is 0.0110s−1 at an initial temperature of 21 ∘C , what would the rate constant be at a temperature of 150. ∘C for the same reaction described in Part A?
Part A said: The activation energy of a certain reaction is 45.5 kJ/mol . At 21 ∘C , the rate constant is 0.0110s−1 . At what temperature in degrees Celsius would this reaction go twice as fast?
T2= 32 degrees
The rate of reaction at 150 degrees is 1.878.
What is the activation energy?We have the formula as;
ln(k2/k1) = Ea/R (1/T1 - 1/T2)
ln(2( 0.0110)/0.0110) = 45.5 * 10^3/8.314(1/294 - 1/T2)
0.693 = 5473(1/294 - 1/T2)
0.693/ 5473 = (1/294 - 1/T2)
1.27 * 10^-4 = 1/294
1/T2 = 1/294 - 1.27 * 10^-4
1/T2 = 340 * 10^-4 - 1.27 * 10^-4
T2 = 30 degrees
Again;
ln(k2/0.0110) = 45.5 * 10^3/8.314(1/303 - 1/423)
ln(k2/0.0110) = 5473(3.3 * 10^3 - 2.36 * 10^3)
ln(k2/0.0110) = 5.14
k2/0.0110 = e^5.14
k2 = 0.0110 * e^5.14
k2 = 1.878
The temperature that the reaction will go twice as fast is 30 degrees while the rate construction at 150 degrees is 1.878.
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Consider the reaction: icl(g) cl₂(g) → icl₃(s). the ∆g(f)° of icl(g) is -5.5 kj/mol and the ∆g(f)° of icl₃(s) is -22.59 kj/mol what is the ∆g° of the reaction, in kj/mol?
The ΔG° for the reaction in kJ/mol is -17.09.
Calculation,
The reaction is given below.
[tex]ICl(g)+Cl_{2} (g)[/tex] → [tex]ICl_{3} (s)[/tex]
The ΔG° for [tex]ICl(g)[/tex] = -5.5 kJ/mol
The ΔG° for [tex]ICl_{3} (s)[/tex] = -22.59 kJ/mol
The ΔG° for [tex]Cl_{2} (g)[/tex] = 0 kJ/mol ( change in gibb's free energy of standard state )
ΔG° for the reaction = ΔG° (product) - ΔG° (reactant)
ΔG° for the reaction = -22.59 kJ/mol - ( -5.5 kJ/mol + 0 kJ/mol )
ΔG° for the reaction = -17.09 kJ/mol
The value of change standard gibb's free energy for the standard state ( most stable form of elements) is zero.
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With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ______% inspired oxygen.
With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to 90% inspired oxygen.
What is fraction of inspired oxygen?FiO2 is the fraction of inspired oxygen which is explained as the concentration of oxygen inhaled by a person.
Non breather mask:It delivers a high concentration of oxygen. Hence the liter flow will be 8-15L/min with the percentage of oxygen between 60-90%.
The liter flow of nonbreathing mask must not be less than 8L/min.
From the above information we can conclude that the fraction of inspired oxygen for a nonbreathing mask is 90%
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Other than reducing greenhouse gas emissions, why would an entity switch to an alternative energy solution
Answer:
renewable energy sources such as solar and wind DONT emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming
Explanation:
What component of NADH is a vitamin, and how does this part of the cofactor function in oxidation-reduction reactions
The Part of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NADH that is a vitamin is niacin, a type of B vitamin.
This cofactor acts as a hydrogen acceptor in oxidation-reduction reactions.
What Is NADH?NADH is the reduced form of the NAD+, which means that it gains the electron lost by NAD+. NADH is a very important coenzyme central to metabolism.
NADH is a dinucloetide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups.
One nucleotide contains an adenine nucleobase and the other nicotinamide.
What Is a Cofactor?
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst in a chemical reaction. A cofactor binds to an enzyme to bring about its catalytic reaction.
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A sample of gas has a temperature of 25 oc and a volume of 122 ml. if the volume is decreased to 50 ml, what is the new temperature?
Answer:
10.2 °C
Explanation:
If all other variables are held constant, you can find the new temperature using the Charles' Law equation. The equation looks like this:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature. You can find the new temperature by plugging the given values into the equation and simplifying.
V₁ = 122 mL V₂ = 50 mL
T₁ = 25 °C T₂ = ? °C
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂ <----- Charles' Law equation
122 mL / 25 °C = 50 mL / T₂ <----- Insert values
4.88 = 50 mL / T₂ <----- Divide 25 from 122
4.88 x T₂ = 50 mL <----- Multiply both sides by T₂
T₂ = 10.2 °C <----- Divide both sides by 4.88
what causes a wavy pattern of dark and light bands on the bottom of a pond? A P E X learning
A wavy pattern of dark and light bands on the bottom of a pond is caused by refraction of light waves through a rough surface; option D.
What is destructive interference?Destructive interference occur when two waves come in contact with each other and cancel each other out.
Reflection and refraction of light waves can result in destructive interference. An example of destructive interference due to refraction of light is a wavy pattern of dark and light bands on the bottom of a pond.
In conclusion, destructive interference occurs when waves cancel each other out.
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The answer to the question is D.
Please help me!
List A
(a) Gas pressure
(b) One mole of substance
(c) One mole of any gas
(d) Avogadro's number
List B
(i) 6.02 × 1023
(ii) 22.4 dm³ at STP
(iii) force per unit area
(iv) 6.02 x 1023 particles
Answer:
(a) Gas pressure ---------------------> (iii) force per unit area
(b) One mole of substance -------------------> (i) 6.02 x 10²³
(c) One mole of any gas ----------------------> (ii) 22.4 dm³ at STP
(d) Avogadro's number -----------------> (iv) 6.02 x 10²³ particles
(ii) Calculate the maximum mass of ethanol that could be obtained
g from 30.0 g of glucose.
Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 15.33 grams ethanol could be obtained from 30 grams of glucose.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 C₂H₅OH + 2 CO₂
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
C₆H₁₂O₆: 1 mole C₂H₅OH: 2 molesCO₂: 2 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
C₆H₁₂O₆: 180 g/moleC₂H₅OH: 46 g/moleCO₂: 44 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
C₆H₁₂O₆: 1 mole ×180 g/mole= 180 gramsC₂H₅OH: 2 moles ×46 g/mole= 92 gramsCO₂: 2 moles ×44 g/mole= 88 gramsMass of C₂H₅OH formedThe following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 180 grams of glucose form 92 grams of ethanol, 30 grams of glucose form how much mass of ethanol?
[tex]mass of ethanol=\frac{30 grams of glucosex 92 grams of ethanol}{180 grams of glucose}[/tex]
mass of ethanol= 15.33 grams
Then, 15.33 grams ethanol could be obtained from 30 grams of glucose.
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Which statement is true about word equations with regards to chemical reactions?
The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products
3H2 + blank, reaction arrow, 2NH3
How to complete this equation so that it is a Synthesis reaction
The reaction is completed by the equation below: [tex]3H_2 + N_2 --- > 2NH_3[/tex]
What are synthesis reactions?They are chemical reactions in which two or more molecules react to produce a single product.
In this case, the synthesis reaction is that of ammonia. Molecules of hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas combine to produce ammonia.
The equation of the reaction is as follows: [tex]3H_2 + N_2 --- > 2NH_3[/tex]
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how many moles are in 2.00g of H2O
n = m/M = 2/18 = 1/9 ~0,1 mol
Answer:
.111 mole (using 3 significant digits)
Explanation:
Mole weight of H2O = 2 x 1.008 + 15.999 = 18.015 gm/mole
2 gm / 18.015 gm/mole = .111 mole
The correct placement of the coefficient in a chemical equation is...
Select one:
a. within the formula of a reactant or product.
O b. in front of the formula of a reactant or product.
O c. in front of the chemical equation.
O d. after the formula of a reactant or product.
Answer:
B.) in front of the formula of a reactant or product.
Explanation:
Coefficients modify the amount of a particular molecule. As such, they are placed directly in front of the molecule's formula.
A technologist is creating a solution that contains 25.5 grams of NaOH that is dissolved in 1 L of laboratory grade water. What is the molarity of the solution that the technologist created
Answer:
0.638 M NaOH
Explanation:
To find the molarity of the solution, you need to (1) convert grams NaOH to moles NaOH (via the molar mass of NaOH) and then (2) calculate the molarity (via the molarity formula). It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator).
(Step 1)
Molar Mass (NaOH): 22.990 g/mol + 15.998 g/mol + 1.008 g/mol
Molar Mass (NaOH): 39.996 g/mol
25.5 grams NaOH 1 mole
----------------------------- x ---------------------------- = 0.638 moles NaOH
39.996 grams
(Step 2)
Molarity = moles / volume (L)
Molarity = 0.638 moles / 1 L
Molarity = 0.638 M
A cabbage p h indicator color key. entries are 0 to 2, bright red; 3 to 4, pink; 5 to 6, purple; 7, dark violet; 8 to 9, blue; 10 to 11, bright green; 12 to 13, lighter green. why would you use a solution, such as a cabbage ph indicator, to measure the ph of household items? to see if food went bad to test the safety of water to make sure conditions are safe to use up old cabbage
We use a solution, such as a cabbage ph indicator, to measure the ph of household items :
to see if food went badto test the safety of waterto make sure conditions are safeCabbage ph indicator:Anthocyanin, a water-soluble pigment found in red cabbage, can change color when combined with an acid or a basic. The color changes to red in situations with a pH under 7, and to bluish-green in alkaline (basic) environments with a pH above 7. Cabbage isn't known to cause acid reflux, but plenty of other common foods are.
Anthocyanin turns pink when it interacts with the hydronium ions in an acid, and blue or green when it interacts with the hydroxide ions in a base. Because it may inform us if a substance is acidic or basic by changing color, cabbage juice is referred to as a pH indicator.
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What is the molar solubility of AgCl in a 0.050 M NaCl solution? The Ksp of AgCl is 1.6 x 10-10. (Assume that the contribution of [Cl-] from AgCl is negligible relative to the [Cl-] from NaCl)
The molar solubility of AgCl:
The molar solubility of AgCl in a 0.050 M NaCl solution is 8 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] M [tex]Ag^{+}[/tex]
What is solubility?
The solubility is the quantity of reagent required to saturate the solution or bring about the dissociation reaction's equilibrium.
Reaction:
The dissociation reaction of AgCl in water is:
[tex]AgCl[/tex] ⇄ [tex]Ag^{+} + Cl^{-}[/tex]
Each mole of AgCl that dissolves in this reaction yields 1 mole of both [tex]Ag^{+}[/tex] and [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]. The concentration of either the Ag or Cl ions would then be equal to the solubility.
Solubility= [[tex]Ag^{+}[/tex]] = [[tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]]
Calculation:
in 0.050 M NaCl, the [[tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]] = 1 x [tex]10^{-2}[/tex]
ksp = [[tex]Ag^{+}[/tex]] x [[tex]Cl^{-}[/tex]]
1.6 x [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] = [[tex]Ag{+}[/tex]] x ( 5 x [tex]10^{-2}[/tex])
[[tex]Ag^{+}[/tex]] = 5 x [tex]10^{+2}[/tex] x 1.6 x [tex]10^{-10}[/tex]
[[tex]Ag^{+}[/tex]] = 5 x 1.6 x [tex]10^{-10+2}[/tex]
[[tex]Ag^{+}[/tex]] = 8 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] M
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A steel cylinder contains a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide gases. The total pressure in the tank is 2710 torr. The pressure exerted by the nitrogen and oxygen is 930 and 850 torr, respectively. What is the partial pressure in torr of the carbon dioxide in the mixture
A steel cylinder contains a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide gases. The total pressure in the tank is 2710 torr. The pressure exerted by the nitrogen and oxygen is 930 and 850 torr, respectively. 27.1 torr is the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide in the mixture.
What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure ?Dalton's Law of partial pressure states that the total pressure exerted by non reacting gaseous mixture at a constant temperature and given volume is equal to the sum of partial pressure of all gases.
It is expressed as:
[tex]P_{A} = X_{A} P_{T}[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_{A}[/tex] = Partial pressure of gas A
[tex]X_{A}[/tex] = Mole fraction of gas A
[tex]P_{T}[/tex] = Total pressure
Mole Fraction of Nitrogen
= [tex]\frac{930}{930 + 850}[/tex]
= 0.52
Mole Fraction of Oxygen
= [tex]\frac{850}{850 + 930}[/tex]
= 0.47
Now,
Mole fraction of nitrogen + Mole fraction of oxygen + Mole fraction of carbon dioxide = 1
⇒ 0.52 + 0.47 + Mole fraction of carbon dioxide = 1
⇒ 0.99 + Mole fraction of carbon dioxide = 1
⇒ Mole fraction of carbon dioxide = 1 - 0.99
⇒ Mole fraction of carbon dioxide = 0.01
Now put the value in above expression we get
[tex]P_{A} = X_{A} P_{T}[/tex]
= 0.01 × 2710
= 27.1 torr
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A steel cylinder contains a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide gases. The total pressure in the tank is 2710 torr. The pressure exerted by the nitrogen and oxygen is 930 and 850 torr, respectively. 27.1 torr is the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide in the mixture.
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Which diagram is the correct electron dot diagram for magnesium?
A.
A symbol of magnesium M g has four dots representing four free electrons.
B.
A symbol of magnesium M g has three dots representing three free electrons.
C.
A symbol of magnesium M g has one dot representing one free electron.
D.
A symbol of magnesium M g has two dots representing two free electrons.
Answer:
D.) A symbol of magnesium Mg has two dots representing two free electrons.
Explanation:
Magnesium is located in the second group (column) of the periodic table. Elements located here have 2 valence electrons in their outermost shell. Thus, the electron dot diagram of magnesium has 2 dots symbolizing the 2 valence electrons.
50.) a 26 m tall statue of buddha in tibet is covered with 279 kg of gold. if the gold
was applied to a thickness of 0.0015 mm, what surface area (in square units) was
covered? [gold's density is 19,320 kg/m?]
The surface area of the statute covered with the gold is 9,627.32 m².
What is Volume?
Volume is a scalar quantity expressing the amount of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface.
Volume of the statute covered with gold
The volume of the statute covered with gold is calculated as follows;
Volume = mass/density
Volume = (279 kg) / (19,320 kg/m³)
Volume = 0.0144 m³
Surface area of the statute covered with goldThe surface area of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies.
V = S.A x h
where;
S.A is surface areah is thicknessS.A = V/h
S.A = (0.0144) / (0.0015 x 10⁻³)
S.A = 9,627.32 m²
Thus, the surface area of the statute covered with the gold is 9,627.32 m².
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Calculate the molar mass of powdered fruit drink mix, made from sucrose (c12h22o11). appreciate it.
molar mass of sucrose is 342 g/mol.
Concept:
It is the substance's molecular mass. M is the abbreviation for it, and g/mol is the standard unit for measuring molar mass.
Given:
Sucrose (C12H22O11)
Find:
Calculate the molar mass of the powdered fruit drink mix, made from sucrose (C12H22O11).
Solution:
The molar mass of carbon = 12 g/mol
The molar mass of hydrogen = 1 g/mol
The molar mass of oxygen = 16 g/mol
Thus, the molar mass of sucrose can be calculated as:
C12H22O11 12 C + 22 H + 11 O
= 12 12 g/mol + 22 * 1 g/mol + 11 * 16 g/mol
= 144 g/mol + 22 g/mol + 176 g/mol = 342 g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of sucrose is 342 g/mol.
Hence, the molar mass of the powdered fruit drink mix, made from sucrose
Hence, the molar mass of the powdered fruit drink mix, made from sucrose(C12H22O11) is 342 g/mol.
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What type of molecule is shown below?
S
H-C=C-CH2-CH3
O A. An alkene-alkyne
OB. An alkane-alkyne
OC. An alkyne
O D. An alkane
H - C ≡ C - CH₂ - CH₃ this is an alkyne molecule.
Hence, Option C is correct answer.
What is Alkane ?The saturated hydrocarbon which have only single bonds between the carbon atoms is called Alkanes.
What is Alkene ?The unsaturated hydrocarbon which have at least one carbon carbon double bond is called Alkene.
What is Alkynes ?The unsaturated hydrocarbon which have one or more than one carbon carbon triple bonds is called Alkynes.
H - C ≡ C - CH₂ - CH₃ in this molecule one triple bond is present so it is alkyne.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that H - C ≡ C - CH₂ - CH₃ this is an alkyne molecule.
Hence, Option C is correct answer.
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a student carried out a combustion reaction with methane (ch4) as the limiting reagent. a 12.0g quantity of methane was used, and the student collected 22.0g of carbon dioxide. what was the percent yield
The total percent yield:
After the combustion reaction with methane, the percent yield was 66.7%.
Combustion of Methane:
Methane produces a blue flame as it burns in the atmosphere.Methane burns in the presence of enough oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). It creates a significant quantity of heat during combustion, making it an excellent fuel source.The other reactant, air's excess oxygen, is always present, making methane the limiting reactant. As a result, the amount of CH₄ burned will determine how much CO₂ and H₂O are produced.
The following chemical process produces carbon dioxide from methane:
CH₄ + 2O₂ ⇒ CO₂ + 2H₂O
Calculations:
1. Theoretical quantity of carbon dioxide:
All calculations will be based on the amount of methane because the problem specifies that it is the limiting reagent:
12.0g of CH₄ × (1 mol of CH₄/16g CH₄) × (1 mole of CO₂/1 mole of CH₄) × (44g CO₂/1 mole of CO₂)
= 33g of CO₂
2. Percent yield:
= Actual yield/Theoretical yield × 100
= 22.0g/33g × 100
= 66.7%
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An evil villain wants to broadcast a message to everyone on Earth. They are using satellites for the communication process. For them, money is not an option, only their ultimate goal of world domination. If they are able to place their satellites wherever they want, how many satellites do they need to broadcast their evil message to everyone on Earth?
For the calculating change in pH question, some of the volumes of acid required were very very small. The smallest volume that can be reasonably transferred with pipetteman is 2 microliters (2 x 106 liters) If the volume of acid that needs to be added is so small that there is no equipment available to measure and transfer the correct volume of acid, what could be done to successfully adjust the pH? a) Use a less concentrated acid to adjust the pH so the required volume would be larger b) Use a more concentrated acid to adjust the pH so the required volume would be larger c) Use a less concentrated acid to adjust the pH so the required volume would be smaller d) Use a more concentrated acid to adjust the pH so the required volume would be smaller
To successfully adjust the pH, as there was no equipment to measure and transfer the correct volume of acid, then A. Use a less concentrated acid to adjust the pH so the required volume would be larger.
What is an acid?This is a substance that changes the taste in water solution and changes blue litmus paper to red, reacts with some metals to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes chemical reactions (acid catalysis).
Hence because there was no equipment available to measure and transfer the correct volume of acid, the best and safest and most successful thing to be done is to use a less concentrated acid to adjust the pH so the required volume would be larger.
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If the prefix hydro were used to name a ternary acid, what problem would this create when naming chloric acid
Hydrochloric acid is a different kind of acid than chloric acid.
Ternary Acids (Oxy-acids) Ternary acids are also referred to as “Oxy-acids. Include hydrogen and oxygen and yet another (normally) nonmetallic detail. Those acids comprise each hydrogen and oxygen but their names make no reference to either hydrogen or oxygen.
A ternary acid is an acid that has the elements hydrogen and oxygen together with every other element, frequently a nonmetal. Or, they comprise hydrogen in addition to a polyatomic ion. An -ate complicated ion is named an -ic acid. as an example, HClO3(aq) consists of the chlorate ion and is known as chloric acid.
A binary acid is an acidic compound that always has hydrogen boned to every other chemical element, most of the time a nonmetal. Ternary acids are acidic compounds that comprise hydrogen and oxygen blended with some other detail. Binary acid has one style of a chemical element (hydrogen bonded to a nonmetal) .
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The heat of combustion for the combustion of propane, c3h8 5o2 3co2 4h2o , is equal to -2,200 kj. this is an example of a(n) _________ reaction.
Answer:
This is an example of an exothermic reaction.
Explanation:
When the heat of combustion is negative, the reaction is exothermic. This means the reaction releases heat as a product.
Which law relates temperature, pressure, volume, and the number of moles of a gas under perfect conditions?
Boyle’s law
Charles’s law
ideal gas law
combined gas law
The law that relates temperature, pressure, volume, and the number of moles of a gas under perfect conditions is ideal gas law (option C).
What is ideal gas law?Ideal gas law in physics refers to the equation of state of an ideal gas. The law equation is as follows:
PV = nRT
Where;
P = pressureV = volumen = number of molesT = temperatureR = gas law constantTherefore, it can be said that the law that relates temperature, pressure, volume, and the number of moles of a gas under perfect conditions is ideal gas law.
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Answer:
C. Ideal Gas Law
Explanation:
edge ;)
Calculate the pH of a buffer solution prepared by mixing 75.0 mL of 1.00 M lactic acid and 25.0 mL of 0.50 M sodium lactate.
From the calculations, the pH of the buffer is 3.1.
What is the pH of the buffer solution?The Henderson-Hasselbach equation comes in handy when we deal with the pH of a buffer solution. From that equation;
pH = pKa + log[(salt/acid]
Amount of the salt = 25/1000 * 0.50 M = 0.0125 moles
Amount of the acid = 75/1000 * 1.00 M = 0.075 moles
Total volume = ( 25 + 75)/1000 = 0.1 L
Molarity of salt = 0.0125 moles/0.1 L = 0.125 M
Molarity of the acid = 0.075 moles/0.1 L = 0.75 M
Given that the pKa of lactic acid is 3.86
pH = 3.86 + log( 0.125/0.75)
pH = 3.1
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The emission spectrum of sodium is shown below. What do the two bright
yellow vertical lines in the spectrum show about sodium atoms?
The two lines show that these are the only two lines that do not cause energy transition in the sodium atom. Option D
What are the two lines in the spectrum of sodium atom?The spectrum of the sodium atom appears as a doublet. This implies that there are two lines in the spectrum and they appear as bright yellow lines that are not spaced apart in the spectrum.
The two bright yellow vertical lines in the spectrum shows that these are the only two lines that do not cause energy transition in the sodium atom.
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