The plate is a model for how sunlight hits Earth’s surface. Which parts of Earth are most similar to the plate with an axis angle of 0°?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: The parts closer to the equator.

Explanation:

The parts of the earth closer to the equator are similar to the plate, because they receive more sunlights than other parts. Which makes them hotter than any other regions in the earth. Example of such countries are Gabon, Uganda, Kenya, Maldives, the democratic republic of Congo, sao tome and principle  e.t.c


Related Questions

The epidermis is the top layer of skin compared to the underlying dermis of the
-kin. Using directional terms, where is the epidermis located in relation to the
dermis?
Do
Lateral
Proximal
Superficial
Superior

Answers

Answer:

just as rea was situated at a distance in picture and a half dozen years old in his first comment in picture the actor was the first thing he had ever heard about it he reati was the only person who has

Explanation:

plz help you get the best in your house but muje has been in a relationship since the last

Answer:

Although you may not typically think of the skin as an organ, it is in fact made of tissues that work together as a single structure to perform unique and critical functions. The skin and its accessory structures make up the integumentary system, which provides the body with overall protection. The skin is made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue (Figure 5.1.1). The most superficial layer of the skin is the epidermis which is attached to the deeper dermis. Accessory structures, hair, glands, and nails, are found associated with the skin. The deeper layer of skin is well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels) and is superficial to the hypodermics. It also has numerous sensory, and autonomic and sympathetic nerve fibers ensuring communication to and from the brain.

Explanation:

Describe the layers of the skin and the functions of each layer

-Identify the components of the integumentary system

-Describe the layers of the skin and the functions of each layer

-Describe the layers of the epidermis and dermis

-Identify and describe the hypodermis and fascia

-Describe the role of keratinocytes and their life cycle

-Describe the role of melanocytes in skin pigmentation

A tennis ball is dropped from a roof 16 meters from the ground. How long does it take
for the ball to reach the ground?

Answers

3.3 seconds would be the right answer

The time taken for the tennis ball dropped from the roof-top to reach the ground level is 1.8 seconds.

What is Motion?

Motion is simply the change in position of an object or particle over time.

From the Second Equation of Motion;

s = ut + (1/2)gt²

Where s is the distance from ground level, u is initial velocity, t is time elapsed and g is acceleration due to gravity ( g = 9.8m/s² ).

Given the data in the question;

Since the ball was initially at rest before it was dropped.

Initial velocity u = 0Height or distance from gound level s = 16mTime taken to reach the gound t = ?

We substitute our values into the expression above.

s = ut + (1/2)gt²

16m = ( 0 × t ) + ( (1/2) × 9.8m/s² × t² )

16m = 0.5 × 9.8m/s² × t²

16m = 4.9m/s² × t²

t² = 16m / 4.9m/s²

t² = 3.2653s²

t = √(3.2653s²)

t = 1.8s

Therefore the time taken for the tennis ball dropped from the roof-top to reach the ground level is 1.8 seconds.

Learn more about Equations of Motion here: brainly.com/question/18486505

#SPJ2

A boat initially moving at 10 m/s accelerates at 2 m/s for 10 s. What is the velocity of the boat after 10 seconds?

Answers

Answer:

30 m/s

Explanation:

v = u + at

given that,

u = 10 m/s (initial speed)a = 2 m/s^2 t = 10sv =?(final speed)

v = 10 + ( 2 × 10)

v = 10 + 20

v = 30 m/s

21. A toy car starts from rest and begins to accelerate at 11.0 m/s2. What is the toy
car's final velocity after 6.0 seconds?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Initial velocity = 0

Acceleration = 11m/s²

Time  = 6s

Unknown:

Final velocity  = ?

Solution:

 From the given parameters, we use one of the appropriate equations of motion to solve this problem.

     V = U + at

V is the final velocity

U is the initial velocity

a is the acceleration due to gravity

t is the time taken

Input the parameters and solve;

     V  = 0 + 11 x6

     V  = 66m/s

The final velocity is 66m/s

Man A (70kg) and Man B (90kg) are hanging motionless from a platform at rest. What is the tension TA in the top rope if the platform accelerates upward at a constant rate of 2 m/s2

Answers

Answer:

The tension in the upper rope (top rope), T1 = 1,888 N

Explanation:

The Parameters that were given:

Mass A, M1 = 70kg

Mass B. M2 = 90kg

acceleration, a = 2 m/s2

Assume the rope doesn't have mass, acceleration due to gravity, g

= 9.8 m/s2

The tension, T in a platform = m (a + g)

Then the tension, T1 in the upper rope = m1 (a + g) + T2

Where T2 = Tension in the lower rope

First, we calculate T2

Since the platform accelerates upward the acceleration would be positive

T2 =  m2 (a + g)

T2 = 90kg ( 2 m/s2 + 9.8 m/s2)

T2 = 1,062N

To calculate the tension T1,

T1 = m1 (a + g) + T2

= 70kg (2 m/s2 + 9.8 m/s2) + 1062N

T1 = 1,888 N

Magnets are usually made up of which material

A. plastic

B. iron ore

C. copper

D. gold​

Answers

Answer:

B. iron ore

Explanation:

Hope this helps

plz mark as brainliest!!!!!!

which two types of information are found in an elements box in the periodic table

Answers

Answer:

Each box represents an element and contains its atomic number, symbol, average atomic mass, and (sometimes) name.

Explanation:

Answer:

An element's period and group

Work Done by a Varying Force 06 Work and Energy
w of Energy
100%
2.) The force required to stretch a spring by 1 m from its unstretched length is
150 N. What is the force required to stretch the spring by 3 m?

A. 600 N

B. 450 N

C. 300 N

D. 200 N

Answers

Answer:

B. 450 N

Explanation:

Use Hooke's law:

F = kx

150 N = k (1 m)

k = 150 N/m

F = kx

F = (150 N/m) (3 m)

F = 450 N

Thanks to me, you can see straight through the wall. What am I?

Answers

Answer:

A window

Explanation:

Answer:

a window.. duh

Explanation:

In the analytical method, we use the Pythagorean theorem to find the magnitude of the resultant because ____.

Answers

Answer:

it obeys the law of vector addition

Explanation:

In the analytical method, we use the Pythagorean theorem to find the magnitude of the resultant because it obeys the law of vector addition.

The resultant of two vectors A and B is given by;

R' = A' +  B'

[tex]R = \sqrt{A^2 + B^2}[/tex]

Therefore, Pythagorean theorem is used if the two quantities are vectors and vector quantities obey the law of vector addition.

2 Why
Force is needed​

Answers

Answer:

A force can cause an object to accelerate, slow down, remain in place, or change shape. The unit of measure for force is the newton which is abbreviated as "N". One newton is the force needed to accelerate one gram of mass by one centimeter per second squared. Other units of force include the dyne and the pound-force.

the equation of motion is given for a particle when s is in meters and t is in seconds. Find the acceleration after 4.5 seconds s

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The question is incomplete.

The equation of motion is given for a particle, where s is in meters and t is in seconds. Find the acceleration after 4.5 seconds.

s= sin2(pi)t

Acceleration = d²S/dt²

dS/dt = 2πcos2πt

d²S/dt² = -4π²sin2πt

A(t) = -4π²sin2πt

Next is to find acceleration after 4.5 seconds

A(4.5) = -4π²sin2π(4.5)

A(4.5) = -4π²sin9π

A(4.5) = -4π²sin1620

A(4.5) = -4π²(0)

A(4.5) = 0m/s²

An object is rolled at 12 m/s down a table. It stops
after 15s. What was its acceleration?
Variables:
Equation and Solve:

Answers

Answer:

We are given:

initial velocity (u) = 12 m/s

final velocity (v) = 0 m/s

time taken (t) = 15 seconds

acceleration (a) = a m/s²

Solving for acceleration:

from the first equation of motion

v = u + at

replacing the variables

0 = 12 + (a)(15)

0 = 15a + 12

a = -12 / 15

a = -4 / 5 m/s²

7N
6
→ 2N
Net Force:
Determine the net force acting on the object.

Answers

Answer:

When a force is applied to the body, not only is the applied force acting, there are many other forces like gravitational force Fg, frictional force Ff and the normal force that balances the other force. Therefore, the net force formula is given by, FNet = Fa + Fg + Ff + FN.

Explanation:

Which of the following is true about the following lever?

Answers

Answer:

It will rotate counter-clockwise.

Explanation:

The reason is that there is more Nm on the left side which will lift the lever towards the left side.

The lever would rotate counterclockwise as the torque on the left is higher, so, option B is correct.

What is torque?

The force which causes the object to rotate about any axis is called perpendicular distance.

Torque is a twisting or turning force that frequently results in rotation around an axis, which may be a fixed point or the center of mass. The ability of something rotating, such as a gear or a shaft, to overcome turning resistance is another way to think of torque.

Given:

The force on the left side, f = 40 N,

The force on the right side, F = 80 N,

The distance of the pivot from the left side, d = 9 m,

The  distance of the pivot from the right side, d = 3 m,

Calculate the torque on both side as shown below,

Torque on the left side = 40 × 9

Torque on the left side = 360 Nm

Torque on the right side = 80 × 3

Torque on the right side = 240 Nm,

Here, the torque on the left side is more,

Thus, the lever will rotate counterclockwise.

To know more about torque:

https://brainly.com/question/28220969

#SPJ2



A football team lost 3 yards on their first play. On the second play, 10 yards were gained. On the third play the quarterback got tackled behind the line of scrimmage and lost 6 yards. What was their net gain or loss after the three plays?​

Answers

+1yd

Explanation:

Kfgjjh

Answer:

+1 YD

Explanation:

-3 + 10 - 6 = 1

A ball is thrown at 20 m/s from the ground upwards at an angle of elevation of 30°. How far away does it land? 35.35 m

Answers

Answer:

35.35 m

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Initial velocity (u) = 20 m/s

Angle of projection (θ) = 30°

Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²

Range (R) =.?

The range (i.e how far away) of the ball can be obtained as follow:

R = u² Sine 2θ /g

R = 20² Sine (2×30) / 9.8

R = 400 Sine 60 / 9.8

R = (400 × 0866) / 9.8

R = 346.4 / 9.8

R = 35.35 m

Therefore, the range (i.e how far away) of the ball is 35.35 m

During which process of the water cycle does water change from a gas to liquad

Answers

Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water. Condensation is crucial to the water cycle because it is responsible for the formation of clouds.

5. In Investigation 2, if everything stays the same, except the diameter of the outer ring is doubled, how does the electric field change?

Answers

Complete Question

The complete question is shown on the first and second uploaded image

Answer:

There is a change in the electric field by this factor [tex]\frac{ln[\frac{b}{a} ]}{ln[\frac{2b}{a} ]}[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

  The electric field is  [tex]E(r)_1 =  [\frac{V_o}{ln(b) -ln(a)} ] * \frac{1}{r}[/tex]

    Now when the outer diameter is doubled, the radius(b) is also doubled

So

    [tex]E(r)_2 =  [\frac{V_o}{ln(2b) -ln(a)} ] * \frac{1}{r}[/tex]

Now

      [tex]\frac{E(r)_2}{E(r)_1}  =  \frac{\frac{V_o}{ln(b) -ln(a)} ] * \frac{1}{r}}{\frac{V_o}{ln(2b) -ln(a)} ] * \frac{1}{r}}[/tex]

=>   [tex]\frac{E(r)_2}{E(r)_1}  =  \frac{V_o}{ln(b) -ln(a)} ] * \frac{1}{r} * \frac{ ln(2b) -ln(a)}{V_o} ] * \frac{r}{1}[/tex]

=>  [tex]\frac{E(r)_2}{E(r)_1}  =\frac{ln[\frac{b}{a} ]}{ln[\frac{2b}{a} ]}[/tex]

[tex]=> E(r)_2 =\frac{ln[\frac{b}{a} ]}{ln[\frac{2b}{a} ]} }{E(r)_1}[/tex]

Here we see that the electric field changes by the factor [tex]\frac{ln[\frac{b}{a} ]}{ln[\frac{2b}{a} ]}[/tex]

why do you think we need to study physics​

Answers

Answer:

The goal of physics is to understand how things work from first principles. ... Courses in physics reveal the mathematical beauty of the universe at scales ranging from subatomic to cosmological. Studying physics strengthens quantitative reasoning and problem solving skills that are valuable in areas beyond physics.

One good reason to study physics is being able to use the information you learned and being able to apply it in the real world. Such jobs that includes Physics are Ballistic Analysis in the Forensic Science field and virtually every type of engineering job there is. As you can see physics is everywhere and everybody should try to learn some even if it’s just a small amount, It goes a long way.

Hope this helped :)

An airplane accelerates down a runway at 4.3 m/s2​ ​ for 48 s until it finally lifts off the ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.

I

Answers

Answer:

x=4953.6m

Explanation:

used formula x=xo+vot+1/2at^2

Peter is running laps around a circular track with a diameter of 100 meters. If it takes Peter 12 minutes to run 4 laps, how quickly is he running (in meters per second)?

Answers

Answer:

v = 1.74 m/s

Explanation:

Given that,

Diameter of a circular track, d = 100 m

Distance covered for the 4 laps,

[tex]D=4\pi d\\\\D=4\pi \times 100\\\\D=1256.63\ m[/tex]

Time, t = 12 minutes = 720 s

We need to find the velocity of the peter. It can be calculated as follows :

[tex]v=\dfrac{D}{t}\\\\v=\dfrac{1256.63\ m}{720\ s}\\\\v=1.74\ m/s[/tex]

So, the speed is running with a velocity of 1.74 m/s.

Peter is running at 1.7453 m/sec.

Given to us,

Diameter of the circular track, D = 100 meters,

Number of laps Peter run, L = 4 laps,

Time taken by Peter, t = 12 minutes,

1 lap = circumference of the circle,

4 laps = 4 x circumference of the circle,

As we know, the circumference of a circle is given by πD.

So, 4 laps = 4 x circumference of the circle,

[tex]\begin{aligned}4 laps &= 4\times \pi \times D\\&= 4 \times \pi \times 100\\& = 1,256.6370\ meters\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Also, we know that 1 minute has 60 sec.

so, 4 minutes = (4 x 60) seconds

Further, speed is given [tex]\bold{(\dfrac{Distance}{Time} )}[/tex]

Thus,

[tex]\begin{aligned}speed &= \dfrac{Distance\ coverd\ by\ Peter}{Time\ taken\ by\ Peter}\\&=\dfrac{1,256.6370}{12\times 60}\\&=1.7453\ m/sec \end{aligned}[/tex]

Hence, Peter is running at 1.7453 m/sec.

To know more visit:

https://brainly.com/question/7359669

If vector A = 6i - 2j + 3k, determine
(a) A vector in the same direction as A with magnitude 2A
(b) A unit vector in the direction of A
(c) a vector opposite to A with magnitude of 4 m​

Answers

Answer:

(a) [tex]2\vec A=12\hat i-4\hat j+6\hat k[/tex]

(b) [tex]\displaystyle \vec{U_A}=12/7\hat i-4/7\hat j+6/7\hat k[/tex]

(c) [tex]-4\vec{U_A}=-48/7\hat i+16/7\hat j-24/7\hat k[/tex]

Explanation:

Vectors

Given a vector

[tex]\vec A=6\hat i-2\hat j+3\hat k[/tex]

We must determine the following:

a) A vector in the same direction as A with double magnitude 2A.

If the vector goes in the same direction but has a different magnitude, we only need to multiply each component by a common factor, in this case, by 2. Thus, the required vector is:

[tex]2\vec A=12\hat i-4\hat j+6\hat k[/tex]

b) A unit vector in the same direction of A.

The unit vector needs to compute the magnitude of the vector:

[tex]\mid A\mid=\sqrt{6^2+2^2+3^2}[/tex]

[tex]\mid A\mid=\sqrt{36+4+9}=\sqrt{49}=7[/tex]

[tex]\mid A\mid=7[/tex]

The unit vector is:

[tex]\displaystyle \vec{U_A}=\frac{\vec A}{\mid \vec A\mid}[/tex]

[tex]\displaystyle \vec{U_A}=\frac{12\hat i-4\hat j+6\hat k}{7}[/tex]

[tex]\displaystyle \vec{U_A}=12/7\hat i-4/7\hat j+6/7\hat k[/tex]

c) A vector opposite to A with magnitude 4 m. We assume the original vector is also expressed in m.

The opposite vector to A is obtained simply by multiplying the unit vector by -1. To make its magnitude equal to 4, also multiply by 4. In all, we multiply the unit vector by -4:

[tex]-4\vec{U_A}=-4(12/7\hat i-4/7\hat j+6/7\hat k)[/tex]

[tex]-4\vec{U_A}=-48/7\hat i+16/7\hat j-24/7\hat k[/tex]

A pendulum can be formed by tying a small object, like a tennis ball, to a string, and then connecting the other end of the string to the ceiling. Suppose the pendulum is pulled to one side and released at t1. At t^2, the pendulum has swung halfway back to a vertical position. At t^3, the pendulum has swung all the way back to a vertical position. Rank the three instants in time by the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration, from greatest to least. Most of the homework activities will be Context-rich Problems.

Answers

Answer:

1- t^3

2- t^2

3- t1

Explanation:

The acceleration produced in a body, while travelling in a circular motion, due to change in direction of motion is called centripetal acceleration. The formula of the centripetal acceleration is as follows:

ac = v²/r

where,

ac = centripetal acceleration

v = speed

r = radius

for a constant radius the centripetal acceleration will be directly proportional to the speed of object. The speed of pendulum will be lowest at t1 due to zero speed initially. Then the speed will increase gradually having greater speed at t^2 and the highest speed and centripetal acceleration at t^3. Therefore, the three instants in tie can be written in following order from greatest centripetal acceleration to lowest:

1- t^3

2- t^2

3- t1

A uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.72 T is directed perpendicular to the plane of a rectangular loop having dimensions 8.2 cm by 14 cm. Find the magnetic flux through the loop.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Magnetic flux is expressed as the product of magnetic field and cross sectional area.

Φ = BAsintheta

Given

B = 0.72T

A = 8.2cm×14cm

A = 0.082m × 0.14m

Area = 0.01148m²

Theta = 90°

Substitute into the formula

Φ = BAsintheta

Φ = 0.72(0.01148)sin90°

Φ = 0.72(0.01148)(1)

Φ = 0.0082656

Hence the magnetic flux through the loop is 8.2656 × 10^-3 Weber

Which fallacy is committed in the following argument?

Tell your representative that you don't want health care reform. If the health care reform is passed, private insurance companies won't be able to compete with the public options. With the private companies out of the picture, individuals will only be able to turn to the public option, and then it will be up to the government to decide whether we should live or die.

a.
begging the question

b.
slippery slope

c.
hasty generalization

d.
false dilemma

Answers

I think the answer is c

A 30.0-kgkg box is being pulled across a carpeted floor by a horizontal force of 230 NN , against a friction force of 210 NN . What is the acceleration of the box?

Answers

Answer:

The acceleration of the box is 0.67 m/s²

Explanation:

Given that,

Mass of box = 30.0 kg

Horizontal force = 230 N

Friction force = 210 N

We need to calculate the acceleration of the box

Using balance equation

[tex]F-f_{k}=ma[/tex]

[tex]a=\dfrac{F-f_{k}}{m}[/tex]

Where, F = horizontal force

[tex]f_{k}[/tex] =frictional force

m= mass of box

a = acceleration

Put the value into the formula

[tex]a=\dfrac{230-210}{30}[/tex]

[tex]a=0.67\ m/s^2[/tex]

Hence, The acceleration of the box is 0.67 m/s²

Your TV has a resistance of 10 ohms and a wall voltage of 120 V. How much current and power does it use

Answers

Answer:

Current used is 12 ampere.

Power is 1440 watts.

Explanation:

To find the current used by the TV.

Current (I) = voltage/resistance

Current= 120/10

Current is 12Ampere.

To get power used by the TV,

Power = voltage × current.

= 120× 12

Power = 1440 watts.

In each of the given pairs, choose which element will have the bigger atom. Give reasons for your choice. (a) Mg (atomic number 12) or Cl (atomic number 17) (b) Na (atomic number 11) or K (atomic number 19)

Answers

Answer:

Mg (atomic number 12)

K (atomic number 19)

Explanation:

The size of an atom is estimated in terms of its atomic radius.

The atomic radius is taken as half of the inter-nuclear distance between two covalently bonded atoms of non-metallic elements or half of the distance (d) between two nuclei in the solid - state of metals.

Across a period, atomic radii decrease progressively from left to right. This is due to the progressive increase in the nuclear charge without increase in the number of electronic shells. Down a group, atomic radii increase progressively due to the successive shells of electrons being added which have been compensated for by the increase in nuclear charge.

Cl is further right of Mg in the third period

K is below Na in the first group

plzzz helppp
You are pushing a box North in the hallway, at 20n, and a friend gets in front of the box and goes in the opposite direction, at 30n. What direction is the box going at? How much force does the box have going in that direction?​

Answers

Answer:

the box is going south at 10n

Explanation:

Other Questions
-2x + 7 = x-2 What is this ? In the most simplest steps possible Why was the plague called the "Black Death"? What were some of the common symptoms? What health benefits might derive from affordable, quality and securehousing? Kristoff spends $450 on monthly bills. Of this amount, 1/10 is for internet service and 2/9 is for utilities. If the rest of his money is for food, how much money does Kristoff have for food? I need help ASAP please 4/7 of a $42 restaurant bill = $ ? 10. Which point is the solution for this System of equation? List at least 3 important tasks women served at the army camps Alright then! First question! A graph has height (inches) on the x-axis and arm span (inches) on the y-axis. Points are at (30, 27), (45, 45), (53, 50), (60, 60), (67, 70), and (73, 72).Identify if there is a relationship between the variables.(A) No, there is no relationship because the points are all up and down.(B) Yes, the relationship displayed shows arm span increasing as height increases.(C) Yes, the relationship displayed shows arm span decreasing as height increases. A line passes through the point (8,-2) and has a slope of -5/2. Write an equation in slope intercept form CHECK PHOTO Intercepts of the graph BE SURE TO BE CORRECT PLEASE no work needed The Alamo has become a great symbol, not only for Texans, but for people all over the world. What do you think the Alamo has come to represent? Taylor earned $240 last week If she worked20 hours, how muchmoney did she earn per hour? What does the term MET mean? How is it useful? Which one of the following mandatory uniform provisions found in a health insurancepolicy prohibits agents/producers from making any changes in an in force policy?AReinstatementBEntire contractCIncontestableDGrace period Note: Enter your answer and show all the steps that you use to solve this problem in the space provided.Use the distributive property to factor the expression.2k+10 Please help me! I'll give you extra points, brainliest, and answer your questionsIt is 1763, and the Georgia colony is ready to celebrate its thirtieth (30th) anniversary. You have been one of the first colonists with James Oglethorpe in 1733, and remained in Georgia ever since. You write a letter to the editor of Savannahs newspaper, The Georgia Gazette, to express both your pride and disappointment in the colony.In your letter identify at least two (2) of the biggest disappointments and two (2) of the biggestaccomplishments that has happened in the Georgia colony. You will explain how each is either a disappointment or something to be proud of.{Remember you are writing in the first (1st) person, and as if you are living in 1763 Georgia.} Help please this is orchestra help!!!! You are CEO of Rivet Networks, maker of ultra-high performance network cards for gaming computers, and you are considering whether to launch a new product. The product, the Killer X3000, will cost $900,000 to develop up front (year 0), and you expect revenues the first year of $800,000, growing to $1.5 million the second year, and then declining by 40% per year for the next 3 years before the product is fully obsolete. In years 1 through 5, you will have fixed costs associated with the product of $100,000 per year, and variable costs equal to 50% of revenues. A. What are the cash flows for the project in years 0 through 51 B. Plot the NPV profile for this nvestment using discount rates from 0% to 50% in 5% increments. C. What is the project's NPV if the project's cost of capital is 10%? D. Use the NPV profile to estimate the cost of capital at which the project would become unprofitable; that is, estimate the project's IRR or calculate it using the data. Initial investment $900,000 Revenues vear 1 $800,000Revenues vear 2 $1,500,000 Revenues decline years 4000 Fixed costs vears 1-5 $100,000Variable costs 50% A monopoly has an advantage over pure competition when it comes to:A. encouraging competition between firms.o C CB. producing a variety of different goods.C. reducing prices on consumer products.D. taking advantage of economies of scale.