The type of aluminum the students should plan to use in order to increase the reaction rate is powder because the greater surface area will allow more collisions between reactants to occur.
The correct option is A.
How does the surface area of the reactants affect the rate of reaction?The nature of the surface area of the reactants will either decrease or increase the rate of reaction.
An increased surface area of the reactants will increase the rate of a reaction because the greater surface area will allow more collisions between reactants to occur.
A decrease in the surface area of the reactants will decrease the rate of a reaction because the greater surface area will not allow more collisions between reactants to occur.
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A concept map for four types of intermolecular forces and a certain type of bond is shown.
No
A
No
Are molecules
with permanent
dipoles present?
Yes
Is H atom
bonded to F, O, or
Natom?
No
B
Are ions
present?
Yes
C
Yes
Are polar
molecules
present?
Yes
D
No
E
Compare the relative strength of the two forces C and D. Explain how you determined this comparison by identifying the forces.
XD
ΩΣ
Source
C
In the case the relative strength of the two forces C and D is that D represents a ion-dipole forces, which are known to be very much stronger than the force that is said to be represented by C.
What is the aim of concept map?A concept map is known to be a kind of a special type of a web diagram that is often used in the exploration of knowledge and gathering and also in sharing of information.
Note that Concept mapping is a strategy used in creating the idea of a map as it is made up of a visual depiction of ideas, theories, and others.
Note that Intermolecular forces are known to be those forces that are said to be attractive and also a kind of a repulsive forces that is seen between the molecules of a substance.
Looking at the image attached, In regards to the relative strength of the two forces C and D. The fact is that D stands for ion-dipole forces, which are known to be very much stronger than the force that is said to be represented by C.
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Calculate the osmotic pressure of 20 m solution of
LiCl at 25C
Answer:
979 atm
Explanation:
To calculate the osmotic pressure, you need to use the following equation:
π = i MRT
In this equation,
-----> π = osmotic pressure (atm)
-----> i = van't Hoff's factor (number of dissolved ions)
-----> M = Molarity (M)
-----> R = Ideal Gas constant (0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)
-----> T = temperature (K)
When LiCl dissolves, it dissociates into two ions (Li⁺ and Cl⁻). Therefore, van't Hoff's factor is 2. Before plugging the given values into the equation, you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.
i = 2 R = 0.08206 L*atm/mol*K
M = 20 M T = 25°C + 273.15 = 298.15 K
π = i MRT
π = (2)(20 M)(0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)(298.15 K)
π = 979 atm
A hazard is ________. An example of a hazard is ____.
According to the research, a hazard is the real possibility that we will suffer some harm. An example of a hazard is free toxic gases.
What is a hazard?It is associated with situations that have potentially harmful effects on the body, the environment or property.
In chemistry, it is understood as those conditions of potential health damage caused by uncontrolled exposure to chemical agents of various kinds, such as the release of toxic and flammable gases such as ethanol.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, a hazard is the real possibility that we will suffer some harm. An example of a hazard is free toxic gases.
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A reaction produces 156 mL of carbon dioxide gas collected
over water at a temperature of 25.0 °C and a pressure of 99.81
kPa. Calculate the volume of CO2 at STP.
mL
Your answer should be rounded to three significant figures. Do not include units
In your answer.
The volume of the CO₂ produced at STP, given the data is 141 mL
Combined gas equationP₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
Where
Initial pressure => P₁Initial temperature => T₁Initial volume => V₁New pressure => P₂New temperature => T₂New Volume => V₂Data obtained from the questionInitial volume (V₁) = 156 mL Initial temperature (T₁) = 25.0 °C = 25 + 273 = 298 KInitial pressure (P₁) = 99.81 KPaNew pressure (P₂) = STP = 101.325 KPaNew temperature (T₂) = STP = 273 KNew volume (V₂) =? How to determine the volume at PP₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
(99.81 × 156) / 298 = (101.325 × V₂) / 273
Cross multiply
298 × 101.325 × V₂ = 99.81 × 156 × 273
Divide both sides by 298 × 101.325
V₂ = (99.81 × 156 × 273) / (298 × 101.325)
V₂ = 141 mL
Thus, the volume of the CO₂ produced at STP is 141 mL
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Hydrogen peroxide is oxidized with permanganate solution to produce oxygen gas by the following reaction:
2H + H2O2 + 2MnO4 -> 2MnO2 + 4H2O + 3O2
In the lab a student mixed 30.0 mL of 0.30 M hydrogen peroxide solution with 30.0 mL of 0.30 M potassium permanganate solution. The oxygen that was produced was collected by water displacement at 298 K and 1.00 atm of pressure. The volume of oxygen collected was 178 mL. (Ignore the effect of water vapor in the collection tube here.)
a.) What is the limiting reactant?
b.) What is the theoretical yield of oxygen gas, in milliliters?
c.) What is the percent yield of oxygen gas?
The percentage yield of the oxygen gas is 60%.
What is the limiting reactant?The reaction equation is;
2H^+ + H2O2 + 2MnO4 -> 2MnO2 + 4H2O + 3O2
Number of moles of hydrogen peroxide = 30/1000 * 0.30 M = 9 * 10^-3 moles
Number of moles of potassium permanganate = 30/1000 * 0.30 M = 9 * 10^-3 moles
Now;
1 mole of H2O2 reacts with 2 moles of permanganate
9 * 10^-3 moles of H2O2 reacts with 9 * 10^-3 moles * 2 moles/1 mole
= 1.8 * 10^-2 moles
Hence, permanganate is the limiting reactant
b) The theoretical yield of oxygen is;
2 moles of oxygen produced 3 moles of O2
9 * 10^-3 moles oxygen produced 9 * 10^-3 moles * 3 moles/2 moles
= 0.0135 moles
If 1 mole of O2 occupies 22.4 L
0.0135 moles of O2 occupies 0.0135 moles * 22.4 L/ 1 mole
= 0.302 L or 302 mL
c) Percentage yield of oxygen = 178 mL/ 302 mL * 100/1
= 60%
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Students in a chemistry lab are making the compound cobalt(II) carbonate.
It can be made by reacting sodium carbonate solution with cobalt(II) chloride solution. Calculate the volume of 2.0 mol/L cobalt(II) chloride solution required to completely react with 250 mL of 1.5 mol/L sodium carbonate.
The volume of 2.0 mol/L cobalt(II) chloride solution required for the reaction is 187.5 mL
How to determine the mole of Na₂CO₃ in the solutionVolume of Na₂CO₃ = 250 mL = 250 / 1000 = 0.25 LMolarity of Na₂CO₃ = 1.5 mol/LMole of Na₂CO₃ = ?Mole = molarity × volume
Mole of Na₂CO₃ = 1.5 × 0.25
Mole of Na₂CO₃ = 0.375 mole
How to determine the mole of CoCl₂ neededBalanced equation
CoCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ -> CoCO₃ + 2NaCl
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of Na₂CO₃ reacted with 1 mole of CoCl₂.
Therefore,
0.375 mole of Na₂CO₃ will also react with 0.375 mole of CoCl₂.
How to determine the volume of CoCl₂Molarity of CoCl₂ = 2 mol/LMole of CoCl₂ = 0.375 moleVolume of CoCl₂ = ?Volume = mole / molarity
Volume of CoCl₂ = 0.375 / 2
Volume of CoCl₂ = 0.1875 L
Multiply by 1000 to express in mL
Volume of CoCl₂ = 0.1875 × 1000
Volume of CoCl₂ = 187.5 mL
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What kind of reaction is this?
H₂SO4 + Ca -> CaSO4 + H₂
H2
O Double Replacement
O Decomposition
O Single Replacement
O Synthesis
PODBROERENC
Huntinlupracany
PARKERAM
Meccceeee!
20
The reaction H₂SO₄ + Ca ⇒ CaSO₄ + H₂ is a Single Replacement reaction because Ca replaces H in H₂SO₄.
What is a chemical reaction?It is a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as distinct from a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.
Let's consider the following reaction.
H₂SO₄ + Ca ⇒ CaSO₄ + H₂
What kind of reaction is this?
Double Replacement. No. In double replacement reactions both compounds exchange anions and cations.Decomposition. No. In decompositions, a big compound decomposes into smaller ones.Single Replacement. Yes. one element (Ca) replaces another element (H) in its compound.Synthesis. No. In synthesis, 2 or more substances combine to form a bigger one.The reaction H₂SO₄ + Ca ⇒ CaSO₄ + H₂ is a Single Replacement reaction because Ca replaces H in H₂SO₄.
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The atom is sometimes said to be similar to a miniature planetary system, with electrons orbiting the nucleus. What does the uncertainty principle have to say about this view of the atom?
Answer:
The uncertainty principle says this view is only a guess, a snapshot of what the electrons around the nucleus could possibly look like. Specifically, the uncertainty principle says that we cannot know the exact location and speed of the electrons. Therefore, the planetary-like arrangement of the electrons around the nucleus is rarely ever assumed.
what is the Thermodynamics of leaching of ilmenite in hydrochloric acid for titania pigment production?
The thermodynamics of leaching of ilmenite in hydrochloric acid for titania pigment production is an industrial production of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2).
What is thermodynamics?Thermodynamics is defined as the change in the energy of system that brings about work in that system.
The leaching of ilmenite which is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with HCl can lead to the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2).
The use of thermodynamics in this process controls the heat and energy of the leaching system leading to a better yield of final products.
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Which of these accurately describes a difference between nuclear energy and
Fossil fuel?
A. In nuclear fuel reactions, heat is released that is used to do work.
B. In fossil fuel reactions, heat is released that is used to do work.
C. Fossil fuels have a higher energy density than nuclear fuel.
D. Nuclear fuel has a higher energy density than fossil fuels.
Answer:
Nuclear fuel has a higher energy density than fossil fuel
I need help with my work
Answer:
I'm thinking you should go for the option C.
in gas expansion, 89J of heat is absorbed from surroundings and the energy of the system is decreased by 125J. Calculate the work done
From the first law of thermodynamics, the work done is -36 J.
What is the work done?We are told that the gas is expanding hence it does work while heat is absorbed from the surroundings. This implies that q is positive while w is negative.
Hence;
U = q - w
w = q - U
w = 89J - 125J
w = -36 J
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60cm³ of hydrogen are sparked with 20cm³ of oxygen at 100°c and 1 atmosphere. The total volume of the residual gasses is?
Answer:
Options
*A) 60 cm3 = Correct.* This is the answer
B) 10 cm3
C) 40 cm3
D) 30 cm3
E) 70 cm3
Explanation:
PLEASE ANSWER NEED BY MIDNIGHT TONIGHT!!!!!!
Radium-223 nuclei usually decay by alpha emission. Once in every billion decays, a radium-223 nucleus emits a carbon-14 nucleus.
Write a balanced nuclear equation for carbon-14 emission.
The equation for carbon-14 emission by Radium-223 nuclei is given below:
[tex]^{223}_{88}Ra \rightarrow\: ^{209}_{82}Pb + \:^{14}_{6}C[/tex]
What is radioactivity?Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of a substance with emission of radiation.
The equation for carbon-14 emission by Radium-223 nuclei is given below:
[tex]^{223}_{88}Ra \rightarrow\: ^{209}_{82}Pb + \:^{14}_{6}C[/tex]
In conclusion, the emission of carbon-14 by Radium-223 nuclei produces Lead-209 nuclei.
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What is the molality of lithium ions in a 0.302 m solution of Li₃PO₄ assuming the compound dissociates completely?
The molality of the lithium ions is calculated as 0.906 m
What is the molality of lithium ions?Given that the compound is written as Li₃PO₄, the dissociation of the compound is given by the equation;
Li₃PO₄ -----> 3Li^+ + PO₄^3-
Since there are three mole of lithium ions in the compound, it the follows that the molality of the lithium ions is;
3 * 0.302 m = 0.906 m
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Balance the equation below and identify the type.
NH4NO₂(s)---> N₂(g) + H₂O(l)
perform the following mathematical operation, and report the answer to the correct number of significant figures. 0.34 x 0.568=?
How do I know how many significant figures to round to?
The correct answer to the problem is 0.193 which is three significant figures.
What are significant figures?The term significant figures has to do with the figures that have a mathematical meaning. We know that the result has to correspond to the highest number of significant figures.
Hence, If we multiply 0.34 x 0.568 the result ought to be recorded as 0.193 which is three significant figures.
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What volume of 0.555M KNO3 solution would contain 12.5 g of solute
The volume of 0.555M KNO3 solution would contain 12.5 g of solute iss 223 mL.
What is the relationship between mass of solute and concentration of solution?The mass of solute in a given volume of solution is related by the formula below:
Molarity = mass/(molar mass * volume)Therefore, volume of solution is given by:
Volume = Mass /molarity * molar mass
Molar mass of KNO₃ = 101 g/mol
Volume = 12.5/(0.555 * 101)
Volume = 0.223 L or 223 mL
In conclusion, the volume of the solution is obtained from the molarity of solution as well as mass and molar mass of solute.
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If a sample of helium gas at 880 torr and 23°C is allowed to expand from 2.4 L to 5.6 L without changing the temperature, what pressure will the helium gas exert?
275 torr
962 torr
2.01 x 103 torr
377 torr
Answer: 962 torr
Explanation:
What makes yogurt a colloid? What kind of a colloid is yogurt?
Answer:
Explanation:
yogurt is a colloid because of the milk/dairy in it. yogurt is a complex colloid.
As yogurt includes living bacterial cultures, proteins, lipids, and milk solids in addition to water, yoghurt is a colloid.
Yoghurt is a colloid because it contains living bacterial cultures, proteins, lipids, and milk solids in addition to water. A colloid forms a homogenous mixture rather than settling or separating over time because the particles or components are uniformly distributed throughout the medium. A water-in-oil emulsion, specifically yoghurt is regarded as an emulsion colloid. This implies that water droplets are evenly distributed across an ongoing fat or oil matrix. The matrix of yoghurt is made up of milk solids, proteins, and lipids, and the water phase is present as droplets. Lactic acid is produced when bacteria in the bacterial culture, including Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, ferment milk's lactose.
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The theory of plate tectonics describes the movement of the plates across the Earth's lithosphere (the crust and upper mantle) through immense periods of time. Earth's litoshphere is composed of 7 (or 8, depending on how they are defined) major plates and many more minor plates.
The movement is attributed to different phenomena stemming from Earth's rotation, gravity, and mantle dynamics. All of these forces play a role in influencing the size, shape, and positioning of the different landmasses that currently shape our continents and islands.
Earth's rotation, gravity, and mantle dynamics play greater role in reshaping the land of continents and Islands.
What factors influence the size, shape and position of land?Earth's rotation, gravity, and mantle dynamics are the forces that play a significant role in influencing the size, shape, and positioning of the different landmasses of our continents and islands. These forces are responsible for the change in shape of land masses with the passage of time.
So we can conclude that Earth's rotation, gravity, and mantle dynamics play greater role in reshaping the land of continents and Islands.
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Describes the movement of the plates across the Earth's lithosphere?
how many molecules of methane, CH4 are in 125 g CH4
Answer:
4.69 x 10²⁴ molecules CH₄
Explanation:
To find the amount of molecules, you need to (1) convert grams to moles (via molar mass) and then (2) convert moles to molecules (via Avogadro's Number). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value (125 g).
Molar Mass (CH₄): 16.05 g/mol
Avogadro's Number:
6.022 x 10²³ molecules = 1 mole
125 g CH₄ 1 mole 6.022 x 10²³ molecules
---------------- x --------------- x ------------------------------------- =
16.05 g 1 mole
= 4.69 x 10²⁴ molecules CH₄
PLEASE HELP!!!
If a 435 mL sample of gas at 219 °C is allowed to expand (at constant pressure) to a volume of 842 mL, what will be the new temperature (in °C)?
Answer:
424 °C
Explanation:
If all other variables are held constant, the missing temperature can be found using the Charles' Law equation:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature. You can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find the final temperature.
V₁ = 435 mL V₂ = 842 mL
T₁ = 219 °C T₂ = ? °C
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂ <----- Charles' Law
435 mL / 219 °C = 842 mL / T₂ <----- Insert values
1.9863 = 842 mL / T₂ <----- Simplify left side
(1.9863) x T₂ = 842 mL <----- Multiply both sides by T₂
T₂ = 424 °C <----- Divide both sides by 1.9863
CH3CH2OH and CH3CHO
Which is more acidic??
Answer:
CH3CH2OH
Explanation:
CH3CH2OH the ethanol is regarded as neutral since pH is very close to 7 and CH3CHO or acetaldehyde is an extremely weak basic max pH of 8.
Perform the following operation
and express the answer in
scientific notation.
6.0×103-2.3×103
[?]x10[?]
Answer:
6.0 x 10³ - 2.3 x 10³ = 3700
3700 ---------> 3.7 x 10³
The buffer is prepared by adding 250mL of 0.80M NH3 to 150mL of 0.50M NH4NO3. What is the pH of the final solution (Kb for NH3 = 1.8 x 10^-5)
The pH of the solution is obtained to be 9.67.
What is a buffer?A buffer is a solution that serves to militate against changes in acidity or alkalinity. The buffer is often made of a solution of a strong acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt.
Now we have the that;
Number of moles of base = 250 /1000 * 0.80 = 0.2 moles
Number of moles of salt = 150/1000 * 0.50 = 0.075 moles
Total volume of the solution = 250 + 150 = 400 mL or 0.4 L
Molarity of the base = 0.2 moles/0.4 L = 0.5 M
Molarity of the salt = 0.075 moles/ 0.4 L = 0.1875 M
pKb = - log( 1.8 x 10^-5) = 4.74
pOH = pKb + log [salt/base]
pOH = 4.74 + log (0.1875/ 0.5)
pOH = 4.33
pH = 14 - 4.33
pH = 9.67
The pH of the solution is obtained to be 9.67.
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can someone please fill this out for me
Filling out the table of elements below following the outlined order:
Calcium - symbol = Ca; Group =2; Period = 4; Ar = 134; Am =40.078u; Ph = solid; Density = 1.55; Bp = 1757K; Mp = 1115K.Vanadium - symbol = V; Group =5; Period = 4; Ar = 197; Am =50.9415u; Ph = solid; Density = 6.11; Bp = 3680K; Mp = 2183K.Manganese - symbol = Mn; Group =7; Period = 4; Ar = 127; Am = 54.938044u; Ph = solid; Density = 7.21; Bp = 2334K; Mp = 1519K.Cobalt: - symbol = Co; Group =9; Period = 4; Ar = 125; Am =58.933195 u; Ph = solid; Density = 8.90; Bp = 3200K; Mp = 1768K.Zinc: - symbol = Zn; Group = 12; Period = 4; Ar = 134; Am =65.38 u; Ph = solid; Density = 7.14; Bp = 1180K; Mp = 692.68K.Arsenic: - symbol = As; Group = 15; Period = 4; Ar = 197; Am = 74.9216 u; Ph = solid; Density = 5.75; Bp = 889K; Mp = 889K.Bromine: - symbol = Br; Group =17; Period = 4; Ar = 120; Am = 79.904 u; Ph = Liquid; Density = 3.1028; Bp = 332K; Mp = 265K.Meaning of ElementAn element can be defined as a substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances.
An element serves as a building blocks for compounds and mixtures.
In conclusion, each element and its property as requested in the table are given above.
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(04.03 LC)
Which of the following is a single replacement reaction?
Ba(OH)2 + H₂SO4 → BaSO4 + 2H₂O
O2Mg + O₂2MgO
O H₂O+ CO2 → H₂CO3
O Zn + H₂SO4 → ZnSO4 + H₂
Answer:
D.) Zn + H₂SO₄ ----> ZnSO₄ + H₂
Explanation:
Single-Replacement Reaction: a reaction in which an element in a compound is swapped with another element
ex.) Zn + H₂SO₄ ----> ZnSO₄ + H₂
Double-Replacement Reaction: a reaction in which a cation in one compound is swapped with a cation in another
ex.) Ba(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ ----> BaSO₄ + 2 H₂O
Synthesis Reaction: a reaction in which two or more elements/compounds combine to form a new molecule
ex.) 2 Mg + O₂ ----> 2 MgO
ex.) H₂O + CO₂ ----> H₂CO₃
How many moles of Chromium is in 4.41 ×10^24 atoms
7.32 moles of Chromium is present in 4.41 × 10²⁴ atoms.
How to find the number of moles ?Number of moles = [tex]\frac{\text{Given number of atoms}}{\text{Avogadro's Number}}[/tex]
What is Avogadro's Number ?
Avogadro's number is the number of particles in one mole of substance. 6.022 × 10²³ is known as Avogadro's Constant / Avogadro's Number.
Avogadro's Number = 6.022 × 10²³
Now put the values in above formula we get
Number of moles = [tex]\frac{\text{Given number of atoms}}{\text{Avogadro's Number}}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{4.41 \times 10^{24}}{6.022 \times 10^{23}}[/tex]
= 7.32 moles
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 7.32 moles of Chromium is present in 4.41 × 10²⁴ atoms.
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Analysis of a sample of hydrated salt shows that it contains 4.86 g Mg, 6.20 g P, 11.20 g O, and 5.40 g H2O. What is the formula of the hydrated salt?
Answer:
Mg₂P₂O₇ · 3 H₂O
Explanation:
(Step 1)
First, you need to convert each mass to moles via the molar masses of each element/compound.
Molar Mass (Mg): 24.305 g/mol
4.86 grams Mg 1 mole
------------------------ x ------------------------ = 0.200 moles Mg
24.305 grams
Molar Mass (P): 30.974 g/mol
6.20 grams P 1 mole
--------------------- x ------------------------ = 0.200 moles P
30.974 grams
Molar Mass (O): 15.998 g/mol
11.20 grams O 1 mole
----------------------- x ----------------------- = 0.700 moles O
15.998 grams
Molar Mass (H₂O): 2(1.008 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol
Molar Mass (H₂O): 18.014 g/mol
5.40 grams H₂O 1 mole
-------------------------- x ----------------------- = 0.300 moles H₂O
18.014 grams
(Step 2)
To find the amount of each element/compound in the formula, you need to divide each molar value by the smallest molar value. This allows you to determine the accurate molar ratio the hydrated salt should have. In this case, 0.200 moles is the smallest value.
0.200 moles Mg / 0.200 = 1 mole Mg
0.200 moles P / 0.200 = 1 mole P
0.700 moles O / 0.200 = 3.5 moles O
0.300 moles H₂O / 0.200 = 1.5 moles H₂O
There can only be whole number amounts of each element/compound in the formula. Therefore, you need to multiply each amount by 2.
1 mole Mg x 2 = 2 moles Mg
1 mole P x 2 = 2 moles P
3.5 moles O x 2 = 7 moles O
1.5 moles H₂O x 2 = 3 moles H₂O
(Step 3)
Now that we know the amount of each element/compound, we can build the formula. The amount of each element is represented by subscripts and the amount of each compound (H₂O) is represented by coefficients.
Mg₂P₂O₇ · 3 H₂O