Roosevelt's purposes initial objective was to persuade Congress to go to war with Japan. His second objective was to persuade the population to support the military effort.
At its most extreme, a Pearl Harbor assault may have prevented the US from joining the conflict, prevented ships carrying troops from crossing the Atlantic, and prevented D-Day, all of which would have cast doubt on the notion of "winning in Europe." It might have prevented the Pacific Theater and the use of the atomic bomb on the other side of the globe. Due to acute oil and other resource shortages as well as a desire to replace the United States as the leading Pacific power, Japan made the decision to attack the American and British forces in Asia and take control of Southeast Asia's resources. The United States responded by declaring war on Japan. For the hushed announcement "Bataan has fallen" broadcast that fateful day by a freedom radio station.
To know more about freedom refer :
brainly.com/question/29852
#SPJ4
from The Voice that Challenged a Nation: What does the following paragraph mainly reveal about Marian Anderson?
“While she dreamed of a singing career, she knew she would have to support herself and help her family when she finished school, so she took the high school’s secretarial course, studying bookkeeping, shorthand, and typing. But her heart wasn’t in those studies, and after three unhappy years she was able to transfer to the newly established South Philadelphia High School for Girls, where she enrolled in an academic course, emphasizing music. Several years older than any of the other girls, she was one of the school’s few black students. Her classmates would remember her as a shy and often self-conscious young woman who kept to herself and concentrated on her musical studies. She was “interested in pretty much nothing else but singing,” one student recalled, “not taking part in dances or things like that.””
Marian Anderson and the Fight for Equal Rights: The Voice that Challenged a Nation "is a nonfiction book for kids that Russell Freedman wrote. The author provided the aforementioned remark to illustrate the humiliation experienced by African Americans as a result of Jim Crow segregation.
"What is Marian Anderson most known for?Marian Anderson, an opera singer and civil rights activist best known for her recital on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1939, made history with these five ground-breaking accomplishments.
Why is Marian Anderson significant to history?In the annals of American history, Anderson's illustrious performance at the Lincoln Memorial on that Easter Sunday is seen as a turning point in the Civil Rights movement.
To know more about Marian Anderson visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/28661060
#SPJ1
Answer: D.) She refused to give up her dream of singing, despite the obstacles she faced.
Explanation:
our candidate should have won the elections but unfortunately that did not happen.
Answer:
sorry for not winning the elections
What are the 4 main types of irony?
Irony can be broadly divided into three categories: verbal, dramatic, and situational.
What are the three kinds of irony?Verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony are the three types of irony that are most frequently found in literature classrooms. When a speaker or narrator tells us something that is different from what they mean, what they intend, or what the situation requires, this is called verbal irony.
What are some examples of irony?As a literary device, irony is defined as a situation in which expectations and reality contrast. For instance, the distinction between what something appears to mean and what it actually means. Irony is linked to both humor and tragedy.
To learn more about Irony here:
https://brainly.com/question/3249833
#SPJ4
Find the settings in the book " Love from A-Z" in your own words and explain why
Love from A-Z" by S.K. Ali is a young adult novel set in Toronto, Canada.
What is the story all about?The story follows a Muslim teenager named Zayneb who is struggling to come to terms with her anger and grief after her beloved teacher is killed in a hate crime.
As she navigates her way through high school and tries to make sense of the world around her, Zayneb finds support and friendship from a diverse group of classmates, including a boy named Adam who helps her to see the world in a different way.
Together, Zayneb and Adam explore the concept of love and what it means to truly accept and care for one another, despite their differences.
Read more about setting here:
https://brainly.com/question/5660357
#SPJ1
PLS HELP ME I AM TIMED PLS and thank you!
Consider this cause.
The outside temperature is expected to remain below freezing with a chance of snow all week.
Which sentences state a corresponding effect? Check all that apply.
People will wear warm coats.
Families will use heat in their homes.
Children will eat healthy breakfasts.
Flowers will bloom in the garden.
Puddles will become frozen.
Answer:
1. People will wear warm coats
2. Families will use heat in their homes
3. Puddles will become frozen
hiwot is making coffee.change into passive voice
Hiwot is making coffee into passive voice will be coffee is being made by Hiwot.
What is passive voice?Many languages use grammatical voice constructions known as the passive voice. The grammatical subject expresses the theme or patient of the main verb in a clause written in the passive voice, that is, the individual or thing that is subjected to the action or has its state altered.
In grammar, the passive voice is a grammatical voice that describes a situation where the subject of a sentence is the recipient of the action, rather than the performer of the action. In the passive voice, the verb is conjugated to show that the subject is being acted upon, rather than performing the action.
Examples of passive voice sentences include "The ball was thrown by the boy" and "The car was hit by a truck." It is generally considered less effective in writing as it can make sentences longer and less direct.
Learn more about passive voice on
https://brainly.com/question/95277
#SPJ1
What is the message of Susan B Anthony's speech?
In her address on women's rights, Susan B. Anthony made the argument that countries that banned women from voting were oligarchies. In her statement, Anthony quoted the preamble of the US Constitution, highlighting that it speaks to "We, the people" rather than "We, the male citizens."
Susan B. Anthony: who was she?
Susan B. Anthony, an American social reformer and champion for women's rights, played a crucial role in the women's suffrage movement. When she was 17 years old, she began collecting petitions against slavery. She grew up in a Quaker household that valued social justice.
In 1920, the House and Senate agreed to ratify the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution, which guaranteed women the right to vote. The 19th Amendment is known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment.
Thus, Susan B. Anthony's lecture on women's rights was intended to argue that countries that banned women from voting were oligarchies.
To learn more about Susan B. Anthony here:
brainly.com/question/17394812
#SPJ4
In the next-to-last paragraph, readers are told
that Chavez believed "that his job as an organizer
was helping ordinary people do extraordinary
things." Write two or three sentences exploring
how Chavez did this. Support your answer with
textual evidence.
Chavez believed that the power of collective action could help the people to achieve the extraordinary. He organized large-scale protests to draw attention to the cause, and he also established a network of grassroots activists to help build support in the community.
What is extraordinary?Extraordinary is something that stands out from the ordinary, something that is above and beyond what is expected. It is often used to describe an event, experience or person that is unique and remarkable. It can also be used to describe an exceptional performance that is surprisingly good. Extraordinary things often exceed people’s expectations, pushing the boundaries of what is thought as possible.
He encouraged people to join the boycotts, marches, and other actions to build solidarity and a shared sense of purpose. These actions ultimately empowered people to make positive change in their communities.
To learn more about extraordinary
https://brainly.com/question/30131946
#SPJ1
Write an informative essay in which you explain the factors that lead to the rise of female athletes. Use the information from the passages in your essay
Since all athletes need endurance to develop into the people they are, perhaps you could use it. People who lack endurance would find it difficult to persevere through difficult training and the stress and strain that their goals, aspirations, and futures place on them.
What does it mean of informative?The English word informed derives from the Latin word informare, which means "to shape, train, instruct, or educate." These tasks are carried out by informational content for the user. informative definitions. adjective. serving to inform, educate, or instruct. alternatives: informative, instructional. Informational, instructional, and educational. Something is deemed instructive if it contains relevant, advantageous, or practical facts or knowledge. An informative lecture is one in which you gain a lot of new information.
What is informative speaking and writing?On one of these topics, it can be challenging to just inform a gathering without also seeking to influence them. Informative writing teaches readers by giving them detailed details about a certain subject. Contrary to other writing genres, informative writing does not aim to influence the reader's viewpoint or persuade them to take action.
Briefing:By improving their mentality and allowing mistakes to be made but always being able to recover from them, their perseverance helps them. With, say, strength or speed, it enables them to achieve their objectives and get where they want to be as athletes. All of these elements enable a healthy mindset and objective, not an obsession. The possibility of the future is also made feasible through perseverance. Without overcoming obstacles, individuals cannot experience the wonderful triumph and the future of fulfillment brought on by the necessary trait. People that are persistent will also stand out and make a difference that may be felt by others.
To know more about Informative Essay visit:
https://brainly.com/question/329730
#SPJ4
I don't have eyes ears nose and tongue but I can see smell hear and taste anything what I am i
I don't have eyes, ears, nose, and tongue but can see, hear, and taste anything I am a brain.
A brain is what?The human body's most complex organ is the brain. This three-pound organ serves as the brain's seat of intelligence, the translator of the senses, the starter of bodily motion, and the behavior controller. The brain is the source of all the characteristics that make us human, lying in its bone shell and bathed in protecting fluid.
Messages from sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, nose, and fingers are sent to the cortex by the thalamus. The hypothalamus regulates your heart rate, hydration, appetite, sleep cycles, and other autonomic bodily functions.
To learn more about the brain, visit:
brainly.com/question/5361122
#SPJ4
What are 3 ethical guidelines upheld by the Institutional Review Board IRB )?
Respect for people, beneficence, and justice are three ethical concepts that IRBs use as a guidance when evaluating research and are essential to protecting human subjects.
What are the 6 ethical guidelines that all researchers must follow?A collection of rules that direct your study designs and procedures are known as ethical concerns in research. Voluntary involvement, informed consent, anonymity, secrecy, risk of damage, and outcomes communication are some of these guiding concepts.
What are IRB regulations?An IRB is a properly constituted organisation that has been officially established to examine and oversee biomedical research involving human participants in accordance with FDA standards. An IRB has the power to approve, demand changes be made (to achieve approval), or disapprove research in line with FDA standards.
What is the main focus of the IRB?The IRB's main goal is to uphold the rights and welfare of any human subjects participating in research projects that fall within its purview.
To know more about IRB visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14353183
#SPJ4
In two to three sentences, explain how the story supports
the theme "Those who sacrifice for each other are the
wisest.'
English 9 Sem 1
Pretest: Unit 1
Question 7 of 22
Read the sentence below.
Never judge a person before you get to know her.
Which term best describes the sentence?
A. Summary
B. Tone
OC. Theme
OD. Setting
SUBMIT
Answer: its B a tone
Explanation:
What is the main message of Wheatley's poem?
Wheatley makes the case in this poem—the first African American woman to publish a book of poetry—that everyone, regardless of colour, is capable of finding salvation through Christianity.
According to Wheatley, she was not spiritually enlightened and was unaware of Christianity's emphasis on the need for atonement. Additionally, this poem makes use of imperative language, which is used to order or direct a character or the reader. The last two lines of this poem include impertinent language. The speaker of this poem claims that being kidnapped from Africa and then become a slave in America was a mercy since it gave her the opportunity to learn about Christianity and finally find salvation.
To know more about Wheatley, refer to this link:
https://brainly.com/question/15267568
#SPJ4
What makes a satire?
Satire is the art of making someone or something look ridiculous, raising laughter in order to embarrass, humble, or discredit its targets.
What is a sarcastic example?They are all illustrations of satire. Exaggeration, irony, comedy, metaphor, and other devices are all used in satire to make a point.Social commentary in literature often takes the form of satire. Exaggeration, irony, and certain other literary techniques are employed by authors to make fun of a job well done, a community habit or tradition.The central subject of Animal Ranch is how standard people can keep up with trust in a transformation that has been deluded. Orwell asserts that Napoleon and different pigs in order work to attack the transformation's commitments of a vote-based system.It's true because not every reader needs to completely understand the subtext, but excellent satire doesn't skirt the issue. It makes a strong message in a dramatic way by exaggerating, contrasting, and including vivid details. Write satire in a strong, bold manner.To learn more about satire refer to:
brainly.com/question/20703771
#SPJ4
The majority of thread Meister customers live outside of cities in colder climates
The majority of thread Meister customers live outside of cities in colder climates. is true .
What can you do in cold climate?You may take a few quick safety measures to protect yourself and those you love during a period of especially chilly weather: Wear layers of warm clothing, a hat, and gloves.
If you must be outside in icy weather, put on boots or shoes with good traction. check to see whether you have adequate food and medication.
Any infection may be fought off by the immune system. According to studies, exposure to the cold can activate the human immune system, which improves a person's capacity to fight illnesses.
The majority of thread Meister customers live outside of cities in colder climates.
The complete question is The majority of thread Meister customers live outside of cities in colder climates t/f.
To learn more about colder climates refer to:
brainly.com/question/1776073
#SPJ1
Grade -7 ENGLISH PERIODIC TEST-2
Read the poem -'The Dentist and the Crocodile' by ROALD DAHL and answer questions 8-13:
The crocodile, with cunning smile, sat in the dentist’s chair.
He said, “Right here and everywhere my teeth require repair.”
The dentist’s face was turning white. He quivered, quaked and shook. (3)
He muttered, “I suppose I’m going to have to take a look.”
“I want you”, Crocodile declared, “to do the back ones first.
The molars at the very back are easily the worst.”
He opened wide his massive jaws. It was a fearsome sight—(7)
At least three hundred pointed teeth, all sharp and shining white.
The dentist kept himself well clear. He stood two yards away.
He chose the longest probe he had to search out the decay.(10)
“I said to do the back ones first!” the Crocodile called out.
“You’re much too far away, dear sir, to see what you’re about.
To do the back ones properly you’ve got to put your head
Deep down inside my great big mouth,” the grinning Crocky said.
The poor old dentist wrung his hands and, weeping in despair,
He cried, “No no! I see them all extremely well from here!”(16)
Just then, in burst a lady, in her hands a golden chain.
She cried, “Oh Croc, you naughty boy, you’re playing tricks again!”
“Watch out!” the dentist shrieked and started climbing up the wall.
“He’s after me! He’s after you! He’s going to eat us all!”
“Don’t be a twit,” the lady said, and flashed a gorgeous smile.
“He’s harmless. He’s my little pet, my lovely crocodile.”
7
What did the dentist think the crocodile was trying to do?(1 Point)
A. to trick him into being eaten
B. to scare him into treating it
C. to steal his medical instruments
D. to impress him and become his pet
8
He's after me! He's after you! He's going to eat us all! Which of these best describes the dentist when he says the above lines?(1 Point)
A. He is surprised at the turn of events.
B. He is panicking and unsure of what to do.
C. He is looking for a solution to the problem.
D. He is trying to understand what is happening.
9
Which of these lines from the poem best shows that the dentist was afraid?(1 Point)
A. line 3
B. line 7
C. line 10
D. line 16
10
Looking at the dentist's reaction to her crocodile, the lady feels that _________________(1 Point)
A. he is overreacting to her pet
B.she needs to punish her pet
C. she needs to protect her pet
D. he is being harsh with her pet
11
Which of these pairs does NOT have rhyming lines?(1 Point)
A. line 3 and line 4
B. line 9 and line 10
C. line 15 and line 16
D. line 19 and line20
12
Which of these describes the tone of the poem?(1 Point)
A. silly and playful
B. angry and bitter
C. serious and formal
D. bored and uninterested
Reding the poem the respective answers are
B. to scare him into treating itB. He is panicking and unsure of what to do.D. line 16A. he is overreacting to her petD. line 19 and line 20A. silly and playfulWhat is a poem?Generally, A poem is a piece of literature in which the words are deliberately selected for their beauty and sound, and they are structured in lines that are often short and rhyme. Synonyms include verse, lyric, song, and rhyme. additional words for poetry
1) Determine your topic before writing. The first stage in creating a poem is choosing a subject to write about unless you have been given a particular theme to write about.
2 Select the most appropriate format for your subject.
3 Investigate vocabulary, rhymes, and rhythm.
4 Compose the poem.
5 Proofread your writing.
Read more about poem
https://brainly.com/question/12155529
#SPJ1
Does the number of repeating atoms groups affect the properties of substances?
Yes, the number of repeating atoms groups, also known as the molecular structure, can affect and influence the properties of a substance.
The number of repeating atoms groups or the molecular structure of a substance is a key factor that determines the properties of a substance. The type and arrangement of functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups, within a molecule can greatly influence its chemical reactivity and solubility. For example, a larger and more complex molecule will have a higher melting and boiling point compared to a smaller molecule. The arrangement of atoms within a molecule can also affect its polarity, which in turn can influence its solubility in polar or non-polar solvents. Overall, understanding the molecular structure of a substance is crucial for predicting and understanding its properties and behavior.
To learn more about molecular structure visit: https://brainly.com/question/503958
#SPJ4
What is an example of a rhyme scheme poem?
The lines that are identified by the same letter rhyme with one another. In the rhyme scheme ABAB, for instance, the first and third lines of a stanza, or the "As," as well as the second and fourth lines, or the "Bs," all rhyme.
A poem's rhyme scheme: what is it?rhyme system is a poem's or stanza's formal rhyme arrangement. The name of the poet who is typically linked with the set rhyme can be used to determine which of several set rhyme patterns it is.
What rhymes with ABAB, for instance?Examples of the rhyme scheme ABAB. The nursery rhyme "Pease Porridge Hot." Nine days old is a straightforward ABAB poem that most people are familiar with. The first and third lines of this poem contain the words hot and pot, which would qualify as a rhyme.
To know more about rhyme visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/17419574
#SPJ4
Select the correct text in the passage.
Which two sentences from the text serve as examples of parallelism as a rhetorical strategy?
Twenty-five years ago today, America had a change of heart and a change of course. Instead of polluting our waters, we
decided to clean them. Since the passage of the Clean Water Act, we have stopped billions of pounds of pollution from flowing
into our rivers, lakes, and streams; and doubled the number of waters safe for swimming and fishing.
This change of heart was formalized by our laws, but it was carried out by our people. People like Vicki Deisner of the Ohio
Environmental Council. Vicki grew up in the Cleveland area and remembers the Cuyahoga River catching fire. For most of her
adult life she has worked to clean up and restore the Cuyahoga and other rivers and, as a health professional, she has worked
Info
The correct option is (A)
Twenty-five years ago today, America had a change of heart—and a change of course. Instead of polluting our waters, we decided to clean them serve as example of parallelism as a rhetoric strategy.
What is parallelism?To emphasise related concepts in a statement, parallelism refers to the use of comparable words, sentences, phrases, sentence structure, or other features. It makes sentences clear, brief, and simple to read. Particularly in items in series, paired items, and items in an outline or list, parallel structuring is crucial.
What is the significance of parallelism?The term "parallelism" refers to the resemblance of grammatical structure for comparable semantic components inside a phrase. The grammatical form of parallelism should be used to represent sentences with two or more parallel concepts. It is important to maintain a balance between single words, phrases, and clauses.
When parallelism is used?Using phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that balance one element with another of equal significance and comparable language, parallelism is a rhetorical device that may be used in both prose and poetry.
To know more about parallelism visit:
https://brainly.com/question/22746827
#SPJ1
Answer:
The change of hearts was formalized by our laws, but was carried out by our people.
American had a change of heart-- and a change of course.
Explanation:
What is the tone and mood of the Second Coming?
The tone and the mood of Second coming are dark and gloomy.
William Butler Yeats' poem "The Second Coming," which was inspired by his experiences during World War 1, has been compared to the conflict. This poem's overarching tone has been set to one of dark and gloomy, and it is full of extremely vivid examples and repercussions related to the conflict. Most people would assume that Yeats is discussing the second coming of Jesus Christ, but in reality, he is illustrating how chaotic and destroyed his world is. He worries that things will never improve and that we will eventually just succeed in killing ourselves.
Learn more about Second Coming here:https://brainly.com/question/9605853
#SPJ4
Mary: ............ do you call your friends?
John: In the evenings.
a) Who
c) When
b) Why
d) Where
Answer:
C)When
Explanation:
It cannot be who,why or where.The answer is C)when.
What is the message behind the log cabin quilt square?
Typically, log cabin blocks begin with a square. A yellow centre square was assumed to represent light coming through a window, and a red centre square was meant to represent the home's fireplace.
What does the log cabin quilt symbolize?Because of its design, this type of quilt is nicknamed "Log Cabin." It is constructed with a centre form in the centre, like a square or a diamond. This is a representation of the hearth or fireplace, which is a warm and lively area of a log cabin.
Where did the log cabin quilt come from?The second part of the nineteenth century saw the creation of log cabin quilts in England and Ireland, but the design has come to be identified with quilts from the United States. Specific patterns of bright and dark were given names like straight furrow and barn rising, and it became quite popular from the 1850s on.
To know more about quilt visit:
https://brainly.com/question/20460717
#SPJ4
When considering what social media platform to use, the marketer should consider whether:
a. the product is visual.
b. the consumers like to collaborate.
c. the target audience are consumers or professionals.
d. product demonstrations are needed
e. all of these are correct.
Answer:
The answer is e. all of these are correct
help he pls give me a short answer no fancy words pls
Answer:
The description of his thumbs after pushing on his teeth as "tired and wrinkled and pink" shows how far Alfonso will go to improve his image. The comparison of his bike to "a handful of dimes" shows how careful he is. These descriptions contribute to the theme that the way you look does not always reflect who you want to be.
Explanation:
What is a nonessential clause example?
A nonessential clause is a type of subordinate clause that adds nonessential information to a sentence. It is also known as a nonrestrictive clause, as it does not limit or restrict the meaning of the sentence.
A nonessential clause is usually set off by commas, which indicate that the clause is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. For example:
My sister, who lives in New York, is visiting this weekend.
In this sentence, the clause "who lives in New York" provides additional information about the sister, but it is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. It can be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence. If the clause is removed, the sentence becomes
My sister is visiting this weekend.
Another example of a nonessential clause is:
The book, which was written by a famous author, is on sale.
In this sentence, the clause "which was written by a famous author" is additional information about the book, but it is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. If the clause is removed, the sentence becomes: The book is on sale.
Learn more about clause at : https://brainly.com/question/3134316
#SPJ4
Why does Montesquieu think executive power is best out in the hands of one monarch?
The executive arm of government should be held by a monarch since it requires dispatch and is best managed by one person rather than many. In contrast, anything that is subject to legislative control is frequently better governed by many people rather than a single person.
Why was Baron de Montesquieu so popular?By the name of Montesquieu, people refer to the French judge, writer, historian, and political philosopher Charles Louis de Second at, Baron de La Brede et de Montesquieu.In many international constitutions, the separation of powers theory was first advanced by him.The Spirit of Laws (1748), the most well-known work of French political philosopher Montesquieu, is regarded as one of the most significant contributions to the development of political philosophy and legal doctrine.The Persian Letters and The Spirit of the Laws are two of Montesquieu's most significant writings. He recommended dividing the three branches of government into the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.To learn more about Montesquieu, refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/17405469
#SPJ4
What is the theme of Mutability?
Percy Shelley explores the issue of human struggle with life's constant change in his poem "Mutability." He illustrates this in a number of ways, drawing parallels between people and things like clouds and lyres.
What lesson does Mutability teach us?The poem's thesis is that change is one of the world's most potent forces since it is eternal and changeless, leaving every individual at the mercy of their own unendingly changing emotions.
What is the main idea of Mutability's opening stanza?Their presence is lovely and "radiant," yet they go as soon as "Night closes around." These nighttime clouds are as lovely and transient as human life itself.
To know more about Mutability visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/9907621
#SPJ4
What are stressed in iambic pentameter?
This poetic line has five feet, making it a pentameter poem. And all iambs make up the stressing pattern.
Iambic pentameter is what?Iambic pentameter is a rhythmic pattern that combines stressed and unstressed syllables in five-syllable groups and is most frequently used in poetry. The most well-known meter for iambic poetry is pentameter, although there are others as well, including dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, and so on.
How is iambic pentameter recognized?Iambic pentameter, which combines these two names, is a style of writing that uses ten syllables in a rhythm that alternates between short and lengthy syllables or an unstressed syllable and a stressed syllable. Stressed and unstressed syllables in 5 iambs/feet
To know more about iambic pentameter visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15270103
#SPJ4
What is the best and most effective strategy in writing an essay?
When writing, remember to be precise, straightforward, and to the point. Give a logical and clear presentation of your views. Make sure you clearly reference any sources or data that you use as evidence and that your examples are appropriately justified.
To assist you transition from one idea to the next in your essay, use a range of sentence lengths. Avoid using too many brief sentences since they might make your writing seem crowded. All throughout the essay, use both short and lengthy sentences. Make sure there are no repetitions of phrases throughout the essay.
What are the five writing strategies?Five techniques for writing concisely and authoritatively
Utilize clearer language.Reduce the amount of negative words in your sentences.While writing shorter phrases, avoid being choppy.Consistently use vital core phrases.Use a combination of straightforward and advanced wording.Learn more about writing strategies to visit this link
https://brainly.com/question/30096352
#SPJ4