Competition-based pricing takes into account what other suppliers charge for the same goods.
These items are represented on different ledger sheets, and adjustments to their values over time are shown using debit and credit entries. These postings are recorded in a ledger or book of final postings and are frequently referred to as entries. Sales, receivables, mortgages, loans, PP&E, common stock, sales, services, wages, and payroll are examples of common financial accounts. A chart of accounts is a list of all the bank accounts that a certain company, team, or government body has. Accounting is the practice of gathering, analyzing, and reporting such data. Accountants work in the field of accounting.
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Other things the same, if the U.S. real exchange rate appreciates, U.S. net exports
a. increase and U.S. net capital outflow decreases.
b. decrease and U.S. net capital outflow increases.
c. and U.S. net capital outflow both increase.
d. and U.S. net capital outflow both decrease.
Other things the same, if the U.S. real exchange rate appreciates, U.S. net exports increase and U.S. net capital outflow decreases.
What occurs when the real exchange rate rises?An increase in the real exchange rate is a true appreciation. The same amount of local commodities can be exchanged for more international goods with genuine appreciation. When the real exchange rate is high, net exports fall but imports rise because a real depreciation is a reduction in the real e. On the other hand, when the actual exchange rate is low, net exports climb as exports do. The effects of changes in the real exchange rate are better illustrated by this connection.
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An investor with no other positions buys 1 CDE May 65 put at 3.50. If the investor buys the stock at 63.50 and exercises the put, what is the investor's profit or loss
The investor will face a loss of $200. Due to the fact that the investor lost 2 after paying a premium of 3.50 for a gain of 1.50. Hence, option (c) can be considered as the suitable choice of answer.
How does the stock market works?A financial instrument called a stock gives investors ownership in a firm or corporation as well as a proportionate claim to the company's assets and profits. A shareholder who holds stock as a percentage of the total outstanding shares of the company is said to own a portion of the business. By offering stock, or equity, to investors on the stock market, businesses can raise money. Owners of stock retain a claim on the company's earnings in the form of dividends, capital gains, and voting rights. To purchase and sell shares in a public market, individual and institutional investors congregate on stock exchanges. When you purchase stock on the stock market, you do not do it directly from the company; rather, you purchase it from an existing shareholder.
To solve the question :
Premium paid = 3.50
Gain = 1.50. ( As he plans to sell it for 65 when it is currently worth 63.50)
(Premium - Gain) = (3.50 - 1.50) = 2
Due to the fact that the investor lost 2 after paying a premium of 3.50 for a gain of 1.50 (2 × 100 = $200).
Hence, the investor will face a loss of $200.
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The complete question is mentioned below :
An investor with no other positions buys 1 CDE May 65 put at 3.50. If the investor buys the stock at 63.50 and exercises the put, what is the investor's profit or loss?
A) $200 profit
B) $350 profit
C) $200 loss
D) $350 loss
Ben core 56 out of 79 on a Math tet. What i hi core a a percentage to 1 decimal point
You must first compute your grade in percentages. The total number of answers is 79, making it 100%; therefore, to get a 1% value, divide 79 by 100 to get 0.79.
What do you meant by decimal point?The decimal point is the dot that separates the whole number from the fractional element of the number.
A decimal number is, for instance, 34.5. Here, the fractional part is 5, and the whole number part is 34. The decimal point is represented by the symbol ".". The second place to the right of the decimal point, known as the hundredths place, is where a decimal number is rounded to when it is rounded to two decimal places.
When rounded to two decimal places, numbers like 2.83620364 and 0.7035 become 0.70 and 2.84 respectively. The thousandths digit comes after the decimal point in a decimal number.
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A deduction that goes beyond what you know or assume to be a fact is known as __________. [p. 59, I]
Perspective monitoring is just as easy to do as it sounds. To make sure they understood accurately, the listener constantly repeats what ever the lecturer said or describes what they did.
What is the phrase for the capacity to recognize someone person as a special and distinctive person depends on our understanding of them?perception. being able to see someone as an individual separate from social positions and assumptions. person-centeredness. A bipolar mental meter that enables us to evaluate individuals and circumstances along particular judgmental dimensions, such as "honest-dishonesty
Are person-centeredness and empathy synonymous terms?Therapeutic empathy along with coherence, cooperation, teamwork, access, and autonomy make up person-centered care. In this conception, person-centered care includes therapeutic empathy but not the other way around.
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The Fed decides to reduce inflation. Use the Phillips curve to show the short-run and long-run effects of this policy. How might the short-run costs be reduced
Because of this drop in inflation, the Fed will see an increase in unemployment in the short term but no actual change in unemployment in the long run.
A situation in which prices for goods and services on the market have rapidly increased is referred to as inflation. A large monetary supply compared to demand may result in inflation; as a result, the central bank is crucial in controlling the amount of money available to the economy. In addition, people often avoid saving while there is inflation in the economy because they don't know how long it will persist and worry that their money will keep depreciating. According to the Phillips curve, unemployment and inflation have an inverse relationship: as unemployment falls, inflation rises. The unemployment rate and inflation rate are connected by the Phillips curve.
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Which is not an advantage of issuing bonds instead of common stocks:
O Possible tax savings
O There’s no impact on the stockholder control
O Common shareholders may have their income increase
O The common stock earnings per share may be lower
O None of the above
None of the above is an advantage of issuing bonds instead of common stocks.
What is a Common stocks?
Common stocks are a type of security that represents ownership in a company. They can be bought and sold on exchanges or over-the-counter markets. When you buy common stocks, you become a shareholder of the company and can receive dividend payments and voting rights. Common stockholders also have the potential to benefit from capital appreciation when the company’s share price increases.
What is a Stock holder?
A stockholder is a person or organization who owns stock in a public or private company. Stockholders, also known as shareholders, have a financial stake in the company, including voting rights and the potential for financial gain through dividends or capital appreciation.
Therfore thr correct option is E. None of the above.
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Which of the following statements are true about the use of white space in a business document for the workplace
White space is used to create visual hierarchy, make a document look more professional, and improve readability and organization, and not just for aesthetics in a business document for the workplace.
White space is used to create a visual hierarchy: This statement is true. White space can be used to create a visual hierarchy in a business document by using different margins, line spacing, and font sizes to indicate the importance of different sections or elements.White space is used to make a document look more professional: This statement is true. White space can make a document look more polished and professional by making it easier to read and understand. It also gives the document a sense of organization and structure, which can be perceived as professional.White space should be avoided as it makes the document look empty: This statement is false. White space is an important design element and should be used to improve the readability and organization of a document. An overcrowded document can be overwhelming and difficult to read, while an empty document can lack emphasis and focus.White space is only for aesthetics: This statement is false. White space serves not only an aesthetic purpose but also a functional one. White space improves the readability and organization of a document, making it more effective in communicating its message.To learn more about the business document for the workplace at
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Staying up to date with the customers' changing tastes and demand patterns describes which lean operation competitive advantage?
Staying up to date with the customers' changing tastes and demand patterns describes the customer rules lean operation competitive advantage.
The concept of competitive advantage refers to the development of a system with a distinct edge over rivals. The goal is to efficiently and sustainably create value for the consumer.
Although there may be pure versions of these tactics, operations managers are more likely to be asked to use a blend of them. Cost leadership, differentiation, defensive tactics, and strategic alliances are the four main ways to acquire a competitive edge.
The ability and effectiveness of a company to sell and deliver goods and services in a certain market, in comparison to the performance and ability of other enterprises, is how we define competitiveness.
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The Nasdaq Stock Market permits listing for all of the following except A) convertible bonds. B) common stock. C) nonconvertible debt securities. D) warrants.
C) All nonconvertible debt securities are eligible for listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market.
How does a stock become eligible to be listed on Nasdaq?All businesses must have at least 1,250,000 publicly traded shares at the time of listing, with the exception of those held by officers, directors, or beneficial owners of more than 10% of the company.
Can non-US businesses trade on Nasdaq?American depositary receipts, or ADRs, can facilitate investor access to international markets. ADRs can be traded, settled, and held like ordinary shares of US-based businesses because they are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Nasdaq.
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How long will it take for the population of a certain country to triple if its annual growth rate is 7.9%
It will take t = 30.5 years (thirty and a half years) for the population of a certain country to triple if its annual growth rate is 7.9%
The average annual growth rate (AAGR) is the average rise or fall in the value of a portfolio, cash flow, or investment asset over a given time period. The AAGR is calculated by averaging the provided year-over-year growth rates. Any investment can have its AAGR evaluated, but this won't reveal anything about the investment's potential risk, which is decided by price changes. AAGR is a standard for calculating the annualised average return on investments over a range of time periods. This number can be found in the prospectus for a mutual fund as well as brokerage statements. The simple average of a number of periodic return growth rates is essentially what it is.
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After adjusting for inflation, over time the prices of most natural resources have been a. rising, meaning that their supplies are dwindling more rapidly than our ability to conserve them is growing. b. rising, meaning that our ability to conserve them is growing more rapidly than their supplies are dwindling. c. steady or falling, meaning that their supplies are dwindling more rapidly than our ability to conserve them is growing. d. steady or falling, meaning that our ability to conserve them is growing more rapidly than their supplies are dwindling.
After adjusting for inflation, over time the prices of most natural resources have been steady or falling, meaning that our ability to conserve them is growing more rapidly than their supplies are dwindling. Therefore, the option D holds true.
The rate of inflation can be subjected to constant changes during a period of time. When the inflation is steady, the supplies are assumed to be conserved more and more, and the conditions are not much changed when there is a change in the inflation rates while they are falling.
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Firm A typically sees a learning percentage of 81 percent in its processes. Firm B has a learning percentage of 88 percent. Which firm has the faster learning rate
The firm B firm learns more quickly. A firm is a for-profit business entity that offers professional services, such as a corporation, LLC, or partnership.
What is the firm in economics?A company, such as a corporation, is a commercial organization that manufactures and sells products and services with the intention of producing income and turning a profit. A corporation, sometimes abbreviated as "company," is a legal designation for a collection of people with a shared objective who may be either human, legal, or a mix of the two.
A corporation is a type of business entity that is legally separate from its owners. The company structure is more involved and has higher setup and administrative costs as a result of more disclosure regulations and higher-level legal obligations.
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Which of the following functions of money is also a common function of most other financial assets? a. a unit of account b. a store of value c. medium of exchange d. None of the above is correct.
Medium of exchange is also a common function of most other financial assets.
The correct answer is option C.
Money has a variety of purposes. When first used for commerce, it is widely accepted by the government. As a means of exchange, money makes transactions for goods and services easier. Producers trade money for their products when they sell them to wholesalers. until they have received payment from wholesalers, who then sell their goods to retailers, who then do the same for customers. As a means of exchange, money makes transactions for goods and services easier. Producers trade money for their products when they sell them to wholesalers. until they have received payment from wholesalers, who then sell their goods to retailers, who then do the same for customers.
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Music Masters, Inc., enters into a contract to pay Nagi for a dozen original songs. Nagi transfers the right to payment under the contract to Omni Artists. After the transfer, Nagi's contract right to the payment is
Nagi’s contract right to the payment is extinguished.
The simplest definition of a contract is a legally binding commitment. This pledge might be to refrain or carry out a specific action. A contract is created by at least two parties who must concur on its terms. If either side violates their promise, the other party may take legal action. The law of contracts considers a number of factors, such as whether a contract genuinely exists, what it means, whether it was broken, and how much money the party who was wronged is entitled to. A contract's main purpose is to formalise new relationships and specify the legal responsibilities each party has to the other. Today, most contracts are negotiated by businesses rather than by people. even if occasionally businesses routinely enter into contracts with partners, clients, and suppliers, much like individuals would when selling a home or accepting a job offer. Every corporate relationship is, in fact, backed by legal contracts.
Music Masters Inc. enters into a contract to pay Nagi for a dozen original songs. Nagi transfers the right to payment under the contract to Omni Artists. After the transfer, Nagi’s contract right to the payment is
A. unaffected.B. extinguished.C. conditional.D. secondary.
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trade-offs arising from limited resources give rise to ______.
Opportunity costs result from trade-offs caused by restricted resources.
In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost is the value or advantage forfeited by choosing one activity over another. More specifically, it implies that once you select one activity, you are unable to select a different one. The best activity is the one that offers the maximum return relative to all other activities once opportunity costs are taken into account. For example, you are not allowed to hire out an automobile that you only use for personal transportation; nevertheless, if you do, you are not allowed to use it for personal transportation either. If hiring a car is more expensive than the cost of alternative transportation,
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Flax purchased $5,000 in equipment during Year 4. Flax allocated one-third of its depreciation expense to selling expenses and the remainder to general and administrative expenses. What amounts should Flax report in its Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, Year 4, for cash paid for income taxes
For the year ended December 31, Year 4, cash paid for items to be sold is $226,500. This includes cash paid for income taxes.
Which of the following should be included in the statement of cash flows quizlet?On the statement of cash flows, under the heading "Investing Activities," should be listed the purchase of equipment using a six-month note. The proper order to disclose financial activities is financing, operating, and investing when creating a statement of cash flows.
As noted and displayed in bold type in the question above, the cost of goods sold is $250,000.
Cash for cost of goods sold: $250,000 - $16,000 - $7,500 = $226,500
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What may be a concern if you have an adjustable rate mortgage ?
Adjustable rate mortgage is subject to change, depending on the market. As a result, you stand to gain from declining rates while simultaneously running the risk of losing when rates rise.
What is an adjustable-rate mortgage?A mortgage loan with an interest rate that is periodically altered based on an index that reflects the cost to the lender of borrowing on the credit markets is known as adjustable rate mortgage. It is also known as variable-rate mortgage, or tracker mortgage. Borrowers who use adjustable rate mortgage run the danger of having to make larger monthly payments once the introductory period is over. The interest rate will then fluctuate at predetermined intervals, typically every year or every six months.The base rate or standard variable rate set by the lender may be used for the loan. Based on market rates at that time, the new rate may be greater than the initial rate.Some pros and cons of adjustable rate mortgage are listed below:-PROS:-
One advantage is that they frequently have cheaper interest rates than fixed-rate mortgages.
A lower rate may allow you to pay more principal each month.
Rates could decrease later
CONS:-
Over time, rates may increase.
Some caps may result in negative amortization.
Your recurring payment may change.
When rates change, you have no idea how your finances will fare.
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An organization's code of conduct is a(n) Multiple choice question. declaration of personal values. official projection of growth. written code of ethics. record of corporate business.
An organization's code of conduct is a record of corporate business. The corporate business is also known as corporation organization in which a group of company and ruled by state government.
The corporate business is an organization in which the group of individual equity holder or share-holder and company director forms a single organization and also the company which is authorized by the government of country.
To work in the corporate business in which strong relationships by the share-holder and having multiple skills.
The code of conduct is an organization is a record of any corporate business or corporation industry. The code of conduct is an rules and regulations which is followed by every individual in the particular company.
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Can you guys help me with this ethical case? I know how to do these generally but this one specifically confuses me. I need to know the following: The ethical issue, who the primary and secondary stakeholders are, the different courses of action and their impacts as well as what the best solution would be. Thanks :)
A combination of personal, moral, legal, and social norms of what is proper determine the ethics, which are a set of principles for thinking and acting.
Ethical Issues: What Do They Mean?When a particular action, course of action, or judgment runs afoul of a society's moral standards, an ethical problem arises. Since any of their actions could be questioned in terms of their ethicality, both individuals and corporations can be implicated in these disputes.
The three different categories of ethical problems are what?Utilitarian, Deontological, and Virtue concerns are the three primary subcategories of ethical problems. While deontological ethics emphasize the act itself, utilitarian ethics place more emphasis on the results of a choice. The character of the person acting is a key component of virtue ethics.
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eorge and Miguel want to know more about their local and online competitors and about the retail industry. What is the best way for them to find all of this information
The best way for George and Miguel to find all of this information is To identify trade associations, directories of regional and international rivals, and any financial data, search online.
Give a brief account on trade associations.An organisation created and supported by companies that work in a particular industry is known as a trade association, sometimes known as an industry trade group, business association, sector association, or industry body. A trade association for a particular industry engages in public relations operations like advertising, education, publishing, lobbying, and political contributions, but its main objective is to foster cooperation among businesses. Associations may provide other services, such as organising conferences, hosting social gatherings or fundraising activities, or providing classes or educational resources. Numerous associations are non-profit institutions run by officers who are also members, who are bound by their bylaws. Employers' organisations, which also participate in social dialogue, frequently fill the position of trade associations in nations with a social market economy.
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To avoid charges of discrimination or wrongful actions, legal advisors recommend that organizations write employment rejection letters that are ________.
To avoid charges of discrimination or wrongful actions, legal advisors recommend that organizations write employment rejection letters that are general, simple, and short.
In the Polish legal system, legal advisors are recognised as a legal profession. Lawyers who offer legal advice are independent from any bar organisation or law society. The concept of economic independence given by Polish entrepreneurial law guides the work of practising legal advisers, who are not required to hold a practising certificate. There are several difficulties in becoming a legal advisor. Even though there are many diverse and intricate areas of law, you will be expected to be a specialist in most of them as well as a generalist. Whether you are an authority in that field of law or not, you will receive inquiries from others. Dealing with the stress of having to make judgements and offer advise that may have significant consequences for the firm is another problem.
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For which contract type is cost overrun from the agreed upon set budgeted cost paid by buyer ONLY?
Reimbursable costs (or Cost Plus) Cost reimbursable (CR) contracts include a compensation or incentive for meeting or surpassing project goals together with payment based on the sellers' actual expenses. The customer is therefore exposed to the greatest cost risk.
Which of the following contract types has the highest risk of cost overruns?Due of the uncertainty surrounding the final expenses, cost-reimbursable contracts have the highest risk of cost overrun and non-performance.
In what kind of contract is the contractor put at risk for cost overruns?The MGP contract combines elements of cost-plus and fixed-fee contracts. In this case, a price cap with a cost-plus structure is applied. Unlike fixed price and cost-plus contracts, which typically transfer the risk of cost overruns to the owner and contractor, this arrangement divides the risk equally.
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Other things held constant, which of the following would tend to reduce the cash conversion cycle?
Answers
Carry a constant amount of receivables as sales decline.
Place larger orders for raw materials to take advantage of price breaks.
Take all discounts that are offered.
Continue to take all discounts that are offered and pay on the net date.
Offer longer payment terms to customers.
Continue to take all discounts that are offered and pay on the net date. The cash conversion cycle measures how long it takes a business to turn money spent on production and sales into cash.
A statistic known as the cash conversion cycle may also be referred to as the cash cycle, cash-to-cash cycle, cash flow cycle, or cash realization model. It counts the number of days it takes for a business to turn its inventory into sales. Investors can get an idea of how long each dollar that goes toward cost of goods sold is invested in manufacturing and selling items before it is turned into cash. One of the criteria used to evaluate how well management manages working capital is the cash conversion cycle. Working capital refers to the funds utilized for daily activities. This indicator gauges how quickly a business turns money used for operations into cash.
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In imperfectly competitive markets, increasing production will decrease the price of all units sold. This concept is known as the
All units sold will be less expensive if production is increased in markets with imperfect competition. Price effect is the name given to this idea.
What impact does imperfect competition have?The following are the outcomes of imperfectly competitive markets: (1) too little is produced; ( 2) the product is sold at a price that is too high; and (3) the economy suffers as a result of the dead weight loss. In a nutshell, the economy incurs losses as a result of resource misallocation caused by imperfect competition.
How do prices change as a result of skewed competition?A price that is higher than the marginal cost caused by imperfect competition can result in an inefficient use of resources. In a market with weak competition, businesses may spend a lot of money on advertising.
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What are the five examples of trends?
Here are five examples of trends:
Fashion trendsTechnology trendsHealth and wellness trendsCultural trendsSocial trendsWhat is the importance of trends and fads?Fads can be used to create interesting social media campaigns and short-term ad campaigns, whereas trends can be used to inform an important role in the long marketing strategy and product development efforts.
Here are five examples of trends:
Fashion trends - popular styles of clothing, footwear, accessories, and hairstyles that are popular at a particular timeTechnology trends - advances and innovations in technology that are gaining popularity and changing the way people live and work, such as the rise of smartphones and artificial intelligenceHealth and wellness trends - practices and habits that promote physical and mental well-being, such as yoga, meditation, and clean eatingCultural trends - changes in popular culture, entertainment, and media that reflect evolving values, tastes, and preferencesSocial trends - changes in social behaviors and attitudes, such as the rise of social media and online communication, or the increasing popularity of social activism and advocacy.Learn more about trends here:
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which of these actions would most likely decrease a person’s net worth for at least the next 6 months?
The cash (asset) column lowers when an expense being recorded concurrently with cash payment, but the expense's cost decreases the retained profits account.
What does an earnings report contain?A quarterly quarterly results is what?Every three months, public firms are required to submit quarterly earnings reports outlining their most latest financial performance.Net income, profits per share, profit through operating income, and net sales are all included in quarterly earnings reports.
How would you define income?Simply put, a cash flow are its profits. The profits of a corporation are calculated by deducting all production expenses from the revenue from sales of that product. Of course, accounting is quite specific.
Which of these behaviors is most likely to result in a decline in someone's net worth over the following at least six months?
A) Taking on debt with a high APR
B) Adding to your resources
C) Increasing sales
D) No of the preceding
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A person who demonstrates accountability is someone who will take a(n) ______ perspective of the groups affected by his or her business. Multiple choice question. mercantile ambivalent stakeholder paternalistic
All social groups impacted by an individual's business are included in a stakeholder perspective that is based on a feeling of accountability. Nevertheless, building a monopoly or preventing staff members .
Why might businesspeople keep quiet while unethical behavior is taking place at their place of employment quizlet?Why might businesspeople keep quiet when they observe unethical behavior occurring in their company. They believe the behaviors to be typical. They think they ought to keep helping the company.
Which of the following characteristics does Mcq not think makes for a successful entrepreneur?An entrepreneurial frequently has significant product knowledge and a thorough understanding of the commercial environment. Customer feedback determines whether a service or a product is accepted, and the requirement for speedy response is not often a characteristic of an entrepreneurial.
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Chang, Inc. S balance sheet shows a stockholders' equity book value (total common equity) of $751 comma 200. The firm's earnings per share is $2. 96, resulting in a price/earnings ratio of 12. 82X. There are 51,000 shares of common stock outstanding. What is the price/book ratio? What does this indicate about how shareholders view Chang, Inc?
A corporation shareholder can possess as few as one share of stock, and they can be any individual, business, or institution.
What is the meaning of shareholders?A shareholder is an individual or organization that has made a financial commitment to a firm in exchange for a "share" of ownership. Common or preferred shares that the corporation has issued and that the shareholder holds (or owns) serve as a representation of such ownership.
The phrase "shareholder equity" (SE) refers to a company's net value or the total sum of money that would be given back to its shareholders in the event of a company's liquidation after all obligations have been settled. SE is therefore the owners' remaining claim to the assets after all debts have been paid.
The ability of a company's board of directors and senior management to make strategic decisions, including the capacity to make sensible investments and produce a healthy return on invested capital, is essential to the company's ability to maximize shareholder value.
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Conducting business with ______ helps forge character and maximize competencies. Multiple choice question. co-worker distrust regard for profit good publicity complete honesty
Conducting business with complete honesty helps forge character and maximize competencies.
Business ethics is the study of appropriate corporate behavior when it comes to potentially contentious issues like corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility, fiduciary duties, and much more. Business ethics occasionally serve as a fundamental rule that businesses can follow to win the public's approval, but the law frequently serves as the standard.
For a number of reasons, good business ethics are necessary for success in the modern marketplace. Most importantly, clearly defined ethics programs create a code of conduct that influences behavior among employees, from CEOs to middle management to the newest and youngest workers. The business develops a reputation for ethical behavior when all of its personnel act ethically.
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Forms of Business Organization Match the following organizational attributes in the left column with the organizational form in the right column. More than one organizational form may be associ- ated with a given attribute. 1. Unlimited liability a. Sole proprietorship 2. Full control b. Partnership 3. Business income combined with owner(s) c. Corporation income for income tax purposes 4. Relatively more difficult to establish 5. Easier to raise funds
Unlimited liability is associated with a sole proprietorship, which is a business owned and operated by one person. As a sole proprietor, the individual is personally liable for all debts of the business and liable for any losses incurred.
Income from the business combined with the income of the owner(s) for income tax purposes is associated with the partnership. In this form of business, the income from the business is considered the income of the individual partners and is thus included in their personal income for tax purposes.
A relatively more difficult establishment is associated with a corporation. A corporation is a legal entity separate from its owners, which means that business liabilities are not the liabilities of the owners. Incorporating a company requires more paperwork, such as filing articles of incorporation and obtaining a corporate charter.
Easier fundraising is associated with corporations. As a separate legal entity, companies can raise money by selling stocks, bonds and other financial instruments.
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