In chemoheterotrophs, cellular metabolism is primarily fueled by chemical energy in the form of organic compounds obtained from external sources.
These organisms rely on the intake of complex organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, from their environment as sources of energy. Once these organic compounds are ingested, they undergo various metabolic processes to break them down into smaller molecules. The energy stored in the chemical bonds of these molecules is then extracted through a series of enzymatic reactions in a process called cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, the organic molecules are oxidized, releasing electrons that are passed through a series of electron carriers in the electron transport chain. This process generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. ATP provides the necessary energy for cellular activities, such as biosynthesis, active transport, and movement.
The breakdown of organic compounds and the subsequent production of ATP occur through different metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, chemoheterotrophs obtain energy for cellular metabolism by oxidizing organic compounds, generating ATP through cellular respiration. This allows them to meet their energy needs for growth, maintenance, and reproduction.
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The combustion of hydrogen gas releases 286 kJ per mol of hydrogen. If 13.0 L of hydrogen at STP was burned to produce electricity, how long would it power a 100-watt (W) light bulb
Combustion of hydrogen produces electricity:
It would power a 100-watt (W) light bulb in 27.66 min.
Calculation:
At STP conditions, we know that 1 mole of any gas is contained in 22.4L.
So let's make the operation:
The volume of one mole of gas at STP is 22.4 L
Then, 13.0 L may be the volume for (13.0) /22.4 = 0.58 moles.
The total energy is released = 0.58 x 286 kJ
Total energy = 165.98 kJ
Energy = Power x time
Time = energy / power
where power = 100W = 100 J/s
Therefore, Time = 165.98 kJ/ 100J/s = 1659.8 sec
Time = 1659.8 sec / 60 min = 27.66 min
∴ Time = 27.66 min
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The molar mass of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is
110.98 g/mol. If you were to calculate the number
of moles in 23.4 g of CaCl₂, which example shows
the correct way to set up the calculation?
O
23.4 g CaCl₂x.
O
110.98 g CaCl₂
1mole CaCl₂
1 mole CaCl₂
110.98 g CaCl₂
23.4 g CaCl₂x-
The example that shows the correct way to set up the calculation will be the second example.
Number of molesMathematically:
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
In this case, mass = 23.4 g and molar mass = 110.98 g/mol
Number of moles = 23.4/110.98 = 0.21 moles
Thus, the second example is the correct way.
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How many sucrose molecules are in 3.0 moles of sucrose?
Answer: No of molecule of sucrose = 1.806 X 10^24
Explanation:
No. of molecules = No. of moles X NA
No. of molecule of sucrose = 3 moles X 6.02 X 10^23
No of molecule of sucrose =18.06 X 10^23
No of molecule of sucrose =1.806 X 10^24
Answer:
1.80 × 10²⁴ Molecules of Sucrose
What is the de broglie wavelength of an electron (m = 9. 11 × 10-31 kg) moving at a velocity of 3. 0 × 107 m/s?
the de Broglie wavelength of the electron moving at a velocity of 3. 0 × 107 m/s is 2.4×10∧-11nm
lambda = h/mv
The de Broglie wavelength is defined as follows: lambda = h/mv, wherein the greek letter lambda represents the wavelength, h is Planck's consistent, m is the particle's mass and v is its pace. One may also explicit mv as the particle's momentum
according to wave-particle duality, the De Broglie wavelength is a wavelength manifested in all the gadgets in quantum mechanics which determines the chance density of locating the item at a given factor of the configuration area. The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is inversely proportional to its momentum
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23
What is the mass of 3.01 x 10 atoms of neon?
Answer:
10.0 g
Explanation:
Avogadro's law states that there are 6.02 × 10²³ molcules in one mole of a substance, so we know that this sample has half a mole of neon.
The atomic mass of neon is 20.1797 g/mol, so 0.5 mol has a mass of about 10.0 g.
it is 10.09 g
According to Avogadro;
1 mole of neon would have 6.022 x 10^23 atoms
3.0 x 10^23 atoms of neon would have:
3.0 x 10^23/6.022 x 10^23
= 0.5 moles
mass of 0.5 moles neon = mole x molar mass
= 0.5 x 20.18
= 10.09 g
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A chemist develops a medicine
to help patients with thyriod
problems. In which branch of
chemistry is this chemist
working.
Answer:
Medicinal Chemistry
Explanation:
Medicinal Chemistry deals with the development, design and production of medicines.
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The half-life of silicon-32 is 710 years. If 40 grams is present now, how much will be present in 800 years
18 g of silicon-32 will be present in 800 years.
A radioactive half-life refers to the amount of time it takes for half of the original isotope to decay and it's given by
[tex]N(t) = N_0 (\frac{1}{2}) ^\frac{t}{t_\frac{1}{2} }[/tex]
where,
[tex]N(t) =[/tex] quantity of the substance remaining
[tex]N_0 =[/tex] the initial quantity of the substance
[tex]t =[/tex] time elapsed
[tex]t_1_/_2 =[/tex] the half-life of the substance
From the given information we know:
The initial quantity of silicon-32 is 40 g.
The time elapsed is 800 years.
The half-life of silicone-32 is 710 years.
So, using the calculation above, we can determine how much silicon-32 is left.
[tex]N(t) = 40 (\frac{1}{2}) ^\frac{800}{710} \\N(t) = 40 (\frac{1}{2}) ^\frac{80}{71} \\\\N(t) = 18 g[/tex]
Therefore,18 g of silicon-32 will be present in 800 years.
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How many atoms are in 76.15 grams of fe
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Answer:
See below
Explanation:
From periodic table
mole weight of Fe is 55.845 gm / mole
76.15 gm / 55.845 gm/mol * 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole =
8.212 x 10^23 atoms ( four signif. digits)
5.690x10^3 miles to meters and give sig figs
Please help!
The equivalent of 5.690 × 10³ miles in metres is 9157167 metres. Details about metres and miles can be found below.
How to convert miles to metres?Miles and metres are both units for measuring distance between two bodies or locations.
However, they can be converted interchangeably as follows:
1 mile = 1609.34 metres
According to this question, 5.690 × 10³ miles can be converted to metres as follows;
5.690 × 10³ × 1609.34 = 9157167 metres.
Therefore, the equivalent of 5.690 × 10³ miles in metres is 9157167 metres.
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Blank + BaCl2 = BaSO4 + 2NaCl
How to complete this chemical reaction so that it is a Double displacement reaction
The blank is filled by Na₂SO₄, and the complete equation for the double displacement reaction is:
Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ = BaSO₄ + 2 NaCl
What is a double displacement reaction?It is a reaction in which both reactants exchange anions and cations.
Let's consider the following incomplete double displacement reaction.
_____ + BaCl₂ = BaSO₄ + 2 NaCl
If we compare the left and right sides, we can see that the missing ions in the left side are Na⁺ and SO₄²⁻. Thus, the missing compound is Na₂SO₄. The complete equation is:
Na₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ = BaSO₄ + 2 NaCl
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In general, which solvent should be used to wash the solid material collected from a filtration?
The same solvent as the liquid in the original mixture should be used to wash the solid material collected from a filtration.
The solid material which is collected from the filtration is washed by that solvent in which that solid material is dissolved. Generally methanol solvent is used to wash the solid material collected from a filtration.
The filtration is the process in which solid particles present in liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by using of a filter.This filter is only permits or allow only the fluid to pass though it and retain the solid particles.The solid particles left is known as filtrate.learn about filtration
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An oxygen gas tank holds 1 mole of gas at 10.0 atm of pressure. In order to reduce the pressure of the tank to 2.5 atm, moles must be released. How many moles will be left
Answer:
0.25 moles
Explanation:
To find the number of moles, you need to use a variation of the Ideal gas Law. The manipulated equation looks like this:
P₁ / n₁ = P₂ / n₂
In this formula, "P₁" and "n₁" represent the initial pressure and number of moles. "P₂" and "n₂" represent the final pressure and number of moles. You can find the final amount of moles by plugging the given values into the equation and simplifying.
P₁ = 10.0 atm P₂ = 2.5 atm
n₁ = 1 mole n₂ = ? moles
P₁ / n₁ = P₂ / n₂ <----- Equation
(10.0 atm) / (1 mole) = (2.5 atm) / n₂ <----- Insert values
10.0 = (2.5 atm) / n₂ <----- Divide 1 from 10.0
(10.0) x n₂ = 2.5 atm <----- Multiply both sides by n₂
n₂ = 0.25 <----- Divide both sides by 10.0
What is δs° for the reaction so2(s) no2(g) → so3(g) no(g)? substance s°(j/k • mol) so2(g) 248.5 so3(g) 256.2 no(g) 210.6 no2(g) 240.5
The value of ΔS° for reaction is - 22.2 J/K.mol
[tex]SO_{2}(s)+NO_{2} (g)[/tex] → [tex]SO_{3}(g)+NO(g)[/tex]
Calculation,
Given value of S°(J/K.mol) for
[tex]SO_{2}(s)[/tex] = 248.5
[tex]NO_{2} (g)[/tex] = 240.5
[tex]NO(g)[/tex] = 210.6
[tex]SO_{3}(g)[/tex] = 256.2
Formula used:
ΔS° (Reaction) = ∑S°(Product) - ∑S°(Reactant)
ΔS° = (256.2 + 210.6 ) - ( 248.5 + 240.5) = 466.8 - 489 = - 22.2 J/K.mol
The change in stander entropy of reaction is - 22.2 J/K.mol. The negative sign indicates the that entropy of reaction is decreases when reactant converted into product.
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The soft ionization technique that uses a UV-absorbing compound upon which the analyte of interest is placed and eventually vaporized into a plume of ions directed into the mass analyzer is
The soft ionization technique that uses a UV-absorbing compound upon which the analyte of interest is placed and eventually vaporized into a plume of ions directed into the mass analyzer is matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization.
What is Soft ionization technique ?
Soft Ionizer produces less fragment ions. Soft ionizer produce the molecular ions or a quasi molecular ion. This technique not fragment the macromolecules into the more smaller charged particles.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The soft ionization technique that uses a UV-absorbing compound upon which the analyte of interest is placed and eventually vaporized into a plume of ions directed into the mass analyzer is matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization.
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A balloon contains a 10% glucose solution. The balloon is permeable to water but not to glucose. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. What will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker
The state of the balloon:
When the balloon is submerged in the beaker, the amount of water in the beaker will get reduced.
What is Osmosis:
Based on the concentration of solutes on both sides of the membrane, water will flow through a permeable membrane in a specific direction.
Hypertonic solution:
It means that there are more solutes present in the surrounding environment than in the cell itself.
Hypotonic solution:
In a hypotonic solution, the concentration of solutes inside the cell is higher than that outside the cell.
When comparing two solutions, the one with the larger solute concentration is hypertonic, and the one with the lower solute concentration is hypotonic. Isotonic solutions have an identical solute concentration.While the solution in the beaker is hypertonic, Meaning that will draw water molecules out of the cell. As water molecules move from a location of high water potential (dilute solution) to a region of reduced water potential (10% glucose solution), the water from the 5% glucose solution will flow into the 10% one (concentrated solution)This is the reason why the amount of water decreases when the balloon is submerged in the beaker.Learn more about the glucose solution and permeability here,
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Potassium secretion is linked to:________.
a. sodium reabsorption
b. glucose reabsorption
c. sodium secretion
d. chloride reabsorption
e. chloride secretion
Lead-202 has a half-life of 53,000 years. How long will it take for 15/16 of a sample of lead-202 to decay?.
Answer:
212 000 yrs
Explanation:
15/16 decay means 1/16 is left
how many halflives is this?
(1/2)^n = 1/16
n = 4 half lives
4 half lives * 53 000 yr/ half life = 212 000 yrs
Answer:
c. 212,000 years
Explanation:
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The formula c₂H₄o can represent?
Answer:
Ethylene oxide
Explanation:
Ethylene oxide is an organic compound with the formula C2H4O. It is a cyclic either and the simplest epoxied: a three-membraned ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms!
It is a long tube-like canal ,also called alimentary canal where digestion take place.
Explanation:
The alimentary canal is the long tube of organs - including stomaches and intestines
Answer: digestive strat.
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When 3-methyl-2-butanone undergoes a baeyer-villiger oxidation reaction, the product is:_____.
When 3-methyl-2-butanone undergoes a baeyer-villiger oxidation reaction, the product is isopropyl acetate and methyl isobutyrate.
The Baeyer-villiger oxidation would seem to be a chemical reaction that uses peroxy acids using peroxides as the oxidant to transform a ketone into an ester or a lactone from such a cyclic ketone.
The main product produced by the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of camphor using m-CPBA in buffer conditions could be created as a result of the migration of a tertiary bridgehead carbon as opposed to a methylene group.
By the reaction between 3-methyl-2-butanone with m-CPBA , will form isopropyl acetate and methyl isobutyrate.
It reaction can be shown as:
Therefore, when 3-methyl-2-butanone undergoes a Baeyer-villiger oxidation reaction, the product is isopropyl acetate and methyl isobutyrate.
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what is the color of phenolphthalein in weak base
Answer:
Pink
Explanation:
Phenolphthalein is often used as an indicator in acid–base titrations. For this application, it turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions.
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Answer:
pink
Explanation:
Phenolphthalein is often used as an indicator in acid–base titrations. For this application, it turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions.
{Mark as brainlest answer}If the dissociation constant of a weak acid is 7.1 x 10-5, at what ratio should you adjust the concentration of the weak acid and its conjugate base in order to prepare a buffer that has a pH of 4.15
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one model that shows how energy passes from organism to organism is called? 1. an energy link 2. a food chain 3. a phytoplankton cycle
Experiment 1: in the synthesis reaction, the white powder produced is magnesium oxide (mgo, mm = 40.3 g/mol). how many moles (n) of magnesium oxide were formed? select the closest answer.
1.98 moles of Magnesium oxide were formed.
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
Now write the balanced chemical equation
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
(2 × 24) 2 × (24 + 16)
48 g of Mg gives 80 g of MgO
How to find the number of moles ?To find the number of moles use the expression
Number of moles = [tex]\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{80}{40.3}[/tex]
= 1.98 mole
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 1.98 moles of Magnesium oxide were formed.
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The elements of the group IA are termed as alkali metals, because their ___ are alkaline.
The answer is hydroxides.
The elements of the group IA are termed as alkali metals, because their hydroxides are alkaline.
Gaseous nitrogen dioxide dissolved in warm liquid water to form hno3 and gaseous nitrogen monoxide enter a balanced equation for this reaction
Answer:
3 NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) ---> 2 HNO₃ (aq) + NO (g)
Explanation:
Gaseous nitrogen dioxide = NO₂ (g)
Liquid water = H₂O (l)
Because the reactants are dissolved = HNO₃ (aq)
Gaseous nitrogen monoxide = NO (g)
In order for a reaction to be balanced, there needs to be an equal amount of each type of atom on both sides of the equation. The equation can be balanced by adding coefficients to modify the quantities of certain compounds.
The unbalanced equation:
NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) ---> HNO₃ (aq) + NO (g)
Reactants: 1 nitrogen, 3 oxygen, 2 hydrogen
Products: 2 nitrogen, 4 oxygen, 1 hydrogen
The balanced equation:
3 NO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) ---> 2 HNO₃ (aq) + NO (g)
Reactants: 3 nitrogen, 7 oxygen, 2 hydrogen
Products: 3 nitrogen, 7 oxygen, 2 hydrogen
Which is a type of star system?
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A sample of neon gas in a bulb is at 149.05 °C and 349.84 kPa. If the pressure drops
to 103.45 kPa, what is the new temperature (in °C)? Provide your answer to two
decimals.
The new temperature (in °C) of the gas, given the data is –148.20 °C
Data obtained from the question Initial temperature (T₁) = 149.05 °C = 149.05 + 273 = 422.05 KInitial pressure (P₁) = 349.84 KPa Volume = constant New pressure (P₂) = 103.45 KPaNew temperature (T₂) =? How to determine the new temperatureThe new temperature of the gas can be obtained by using the combined gas equation as illustrated below:
P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
Since the volume is constant, we have:
P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂
349.84 / 422.05 = 103.45 / T₂
Cross multiply
349.84 × T₂ = 103.45 × 422.05
Divide both side by 349.84
T₂ = (103.45 × 422.05) / 349.84
T₂ = 124.80 K
Subtract 273 from 124.80 K to express in degree celsius
T₂ = 124.80 – 273
T₂ = –148.20 °C
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Based on their composition and structure list, CH2Cl2, CH3CH2CH3, and CH3CH2OH in order of: a. Increasing intermolecular forces b. Increasing viscosity c. Increasing surface tension
Based on their composition and structure list CH₂Cl₂, CH₃CH₂CH₃ and CH₃CH₂OH in order of (a) Increasing order of Intermolecular Forces are CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₂Cl₂ < CH₃CH₂OH. (b) Increasing order of Viscosity are CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₂Cl₂ < CH₃CH₂OH. (c) Increasing order of Surface Tension are: CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₂Cl₂ < CH₃CH₂OH.
What is Intermolecular Forces ?Intermolecular forces often abbreviated to IMF (or Secondary force) are the forces that hold atoms together with in a molecule. These forces are electrostatic in nature and exist between molecules.
Increasing order of Intermolecular Forces are: CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₂Cl₂ < CH₃CH₂OH.
How Intermolecular forces affect Viscosity ?Higher the intermolecular force then higher the viscosity. Stronger the intermolecular force then stronger the viscosity.
Increasing order of Viscosity are: CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₂Cl₂ < CH₃CH₂OH.
How Intermolecular forces affect Surface tension ?Stronger the intermolecular forces of liquid have higher surface tension. Surface tension depend upon the intermolecular forces.
Increasing order of Surface Tension are: CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₂Cl₂ < CH₃CH₂OH.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Based on their composition and structure list CH₂Cl₂, CH₃CH₂CH₃ and CH₃CH₂OH in order of (a) Increasing order of Intermolecular Forces are CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₂Cl₂ < CH₃CH₂OH. (b) Increasing order of Viscosity are CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₂Cl₂ < CH₃CH₂OH. (c) Increasing order of Surface Tension are: CH₃CH₂CH₃ < CH₂Cl₂ < CH₃CH₂OH.
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Determine the number of oxygen atoms in 1.00 g of CaCO3
Answer:
1.81 x 10²² atoms O
Explanation:
To find the number of oxygen atoms, you need to (1) convert grams CaCO₃ to moles CaCO₃ (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles CaCO₃ to moles O (via mole-to-mole ratio from formula subscripts), and then (3) convert moles O to atoms O (via Avogadro's Number). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the amount of sig figs in the given value.
Molar Mass (CaCO₃): 40.078 g/mol + 12.011 g/mol + 3(15.998 g/mol)
Molar Mass (CaCO₃): 100.083 g/mol
1 CaCO₃ = 1 Ca and 1 C and 3 O
Avogadro's Number:
6.022 x 10²³ atoms = 1 mole
1.00 g CaCO₃ 1 mole 3 moles O 6.022 x 10²³ atoms
---------------------- x ------------------ x ---------------------- x ------------------------------ =
100.083 g 1 mole CaCO₃ 1 mole
= 1.81 x 10²² atoms O