Which of the following choices is an example of adaptive radiation?
The ancestor species of the honeycreepers was blown over to the Hawaiian Islands from North America or Asia during a storm. As populations gradually underwent natural selection, each isolated population became a different species.
Dog breeders crossed Labradors and poodles, creating labradoodles. As this new breed became more popular, dog breeders worldwide began to experiment with crossbreeds.
Farmers cross-breed fruits until they create heartier, more drought-resistant varieties.
All of these choices are correct.

The amount of heat deposited on the skin is 2.26 kJ.

The amount of heat given off by steam is determined using the formula below:

Quantity of heat = mass * latent heat of vaporization.

Moles of steam = 1.0/18

Heat = 1.0/18 * 40.7

Heat deposited = 2.26 kJ

In conclusion, the quantity of heat is determined from the latent heat of vaporization and the moles of steam.

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0.29 M ammonia + 0.38 M ammonium bromide and 0.22 M hypochlorous acid + 0.18 M hydroiodic acids of aqueous solutions are good buffer systems.

A solution that resists pH change when acids or bases are added to it is referred to as a buffer system. Either a weak acid and its salt, or a weak base and its salt, make up buffer systems. The ratio of HX/X- does not considerably alter when an acid or a base is introduced to a buffer.

Solutions known as buffers withstand pH changes when an acid or base is added. A weak base (A) and its conjugate weak acid (HA) are both present in buffers. When a reactive system is in equilibrium, adding a strong electrolyte with one common ion will cause the equilibrium to shift, lowering the concentration of the common ion. Buffers differ from one another in terms of pH range and buffer capacity.

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The equation for carbon-14 emission by Radium-223 nuclei is given below:

[tex]^{223}_{88}Ra \rightarrow\: ^{209}_{82}Pb + \:^{14}_{6}C[/tex]

Radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of a substance with emission of radiation.

The equation for carbon-14 emission by Radium-223 nuclei is given below:

[tex]^{223}_{88}Ra \rightarrow\: ^{209}_{82}Pb + \:^{14}_{6}C[/tex]

In conclusion, the emission of carbon-14 by Radium-223 nuclei produces Lead-209 nuclei.

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Answer:

0.875 moles solute

Explanation:

You can find the moles of the solute using the molality ratio:

Molality = moles solute / mass (kg) solution

After converting the mass to kilograms, you can plug the values into the ratio and simplify to find the moles.

1,000 g = 1 kg

  350 g              1 kg
--------------  x  ---------------  =  0.35 kg solution
                        1,000 g

Molality = moles solute / mass solution

2.5 m = moles solute / 0.35 kg

0.875 = moles solute

This will give the value of 7.9311m2

( 5.57m / 0.63m ) - ( 1.11m * 0.82m )

=  8.8413 - ( 1.11m * 0.82m )

= 8.8413 - 0.9102m2

= 7.9311m2

Dividing a value in meter by another value in meter results in the cancellation of both the units and the resulting answer will have no unit.

Multiplying a value in meter by another value in meter it will result in the square meters. It can be written as m2 and can be read a meter square.

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Answer: 1413.39 inches

Explanation:

Formula for converting meters to inches

Meters x 39.37 (roughly) = Value in inches

Applying formula

35.9 meters x 39.37 = 1413.39 inches (roughly)

Answer:

3.88kg

Explanation:

weight=mass_of_body(m) x acceleration_due_to_gravity(g)

The weight is given and acceleration is also give

For mass divide the weight by acceleration.

The molecular polarity of the sun is the dipoole separation of electric charge leading to a molecule in the sun.

Molecular polarity simply refers to those regions of molecules containing or possessing positive and negative charge

So therefore, the molecular polarity of the sun is the separation of electric charge leading to a molecule in the sun.

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C10H22 is a compound which is the most soluble in CC14 because both are non-polar in nature.

We know that like dissolve like which means that polar solutes only  dissolve in polar solvent while on the other hand, non-polar solutes only dissolve in non-polar solvent.

So we can conclude that C10H22 is a compound which is the most soluble in CC14 because both are non-polar in nature.

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Answer:

Radiation

Explanation:

Phenolphthalein is pink in acid and colorles in base.

Substances called indicators are those whose solutions change colour as the pH changes. We refer to these as acid-base indicators. The conjugate base or acid versions of these typically weak acids or bases have various hues because of variations in their absorption spectra. When it comes into contact with an object that has a pH of 8.2, it turns pink. At a pH higher than that, it turns purple.

Additionally, ionisation, which modifies the charge and structure of the phenolphthalein molecule, is the cause of this shift in colour. If it comes into contact with an acid like vinegar or a neutral substance like water, it retains its colorlessness.

Therefore, Phenolphthalein is pink in acid and colorles in base.

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9.82 mL is the volume of 32% HCl required to make about 1 N HCl in 100ml volumetric flask.

N₁V₁ = N₂V₂

where,

N₁ = Normality of solution with known concentration

V₁ = Volume of solution with known concentration

N₂ = Normality of solution with unknown concentration

V₂ = Volume of solution with unknown concentration

Now find the mass of solution

Mass = Density × Volume

         = 1.16 × 0.32 × 1000

         = 371.52 g

Normality = [tex]\frac{\text{Weight}}{\text{Equivalent weight}}[/tex]

                = [tex]\frac{371.52\ g}{36.5}[/tex]

                = 10.18 equivalents

Now put the values in above formula we get  

N₁V₁ = N₂V₂

1 × 100 = 10.18 × V₂

100 = 10.18 × V₂

[tex]V_{2} = \frac{100}{10.18}[/tex]

    = 9.82 mL

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 9.82 mL is the volume of 32% HCl required to make about 1 N HCl in 100ml volumetric flask.

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The volume of 2.0 mol/L cobalt(II) chloride solution required for the reaction is 187.5 mL

Mole = molarity × volume

Mole of Na₂CO₃ = 1.5 × 0.25

Mole of Na₂CO₃ = 0.375 mole

Balanced equation

CoCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ -> CoCO₃ + 2NaCl

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of Na₂CO₃ reacted with 1 mole of CoCl₂.

Therefore,

0.375 mole of Na₂CO₃ will also react with 0.375 mole of CoCl₂.

Volume = mole / molarity

Volume of CoCl₂ = 0.375 / 2

Volume of CoCl₂ = 0.1875 L

Multiply by 1000 to express in mL

Volume of CoCl₂ = 0.1875 × 1000

Volume of CoCl₂ = 187.5 mL

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Answer:

Nuclear fuel has a higher energy density than fossil fuel

The molality of the lithium ions is calculated as 0.906 m

Given that the compound is written as Li₃PO₄, the dissociation of the compound is given by the  equation;

Li₃PO₄ -----> 3Li^+ + PO₄^3-

Since there are three mole of lithium ions in the compound, it the follows that the molality of the lithium ions is;

3 * 0.302 m = 0.906 m

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Answer:

B.) The molecule is a branched hydrocarbon.

Explanation:

A hydrocarbon is any molecule made up of carbon and hydrogen exclusively. A methyl- prefix denotes the presence of a methyl group (CH₃), which is situated as a branch off of a hydrocarbon carbon.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Beacuse the hydrogen is best

The best conductor of electricity here is calcium chloride because, metals are good conductors by the presence of free electrons. The CaCl₂ solution ionizes to Ca²⁺ ions and Cl- ions make it a good electrolyte.

Conductivity is a physical property which describes the ability of a substance to pass electricity through it. The substance which shows good conductivity at normal temperatures are called conductors and those only conducts at higher temperatures are semiconductors.

Substance which does not conduct in any condition are called insulators. Metals are electron rich and the metal crystal lattice is composed of a sea of mobile electrons and a pool of positive ions. The delocalization of electrons make it easy to pass current through it.

When a metallic solution is ionized, it gives free ions and electrons and make the solution conducting. CaCl₂ is a good conductor since it contains the metal ions Ca²⁺ . Hence, option c is correct.

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The equation of the neutralization reaction is:

HOC(CO₂H)(CH₂CO₂H)₂ + Na₂CO₃ ----> HOC(CO₂Na)(CH₂CO₂Na)₂ + H₂O

The main acid in lemon juice is citric acid.

Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid and will react with baking soda to form a salt and water.

The equation of the neutralization reaction is shown below:

HOC(CO₂H)(CH₂CO₂H)₂ + Na₂CO₃ ----> HOC(CO₂Na)(CH₂CO₂Na)₂ + H₂O

In conclusion, the neutralization of citric acid in lemon juice produces a salt and water.

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Carbon monoxide and chlorine gas react to form phosgene. If a reaction mixture initially contains 215 torr of CO and 245 torr of Cl₂. 0.76 is the mole fraction of COCl₂ when equilibrium is reached.

CO(g) + Cl₂ (g) → COCl₂ (g)           Kp = 310

With this reaction we can write the Kp expression

[tex]K_{p} = \frac{p_{COCl_2}}{p_{CO} \times p_{Cl_2}}[/tex]

We know that 1 atm = 760 torr

Now

[tex]p_{CO} = \frac{215 \times 1}{760}[/tex]

       = 0.28 atm

[tex]p_{Cl_2} = \frac{245 \times 1}{760}[/tex]

        = 0.32 atm

Now, we can write an ICE chart with pressures, so we can know the pressure of COCl₂.

        CO(g) + Cl₂ (g) → COCl₂ (g)           Kp = 310

I:        0.28     0.32          0

C:         -x         -x             +x
E:    0.28 - x  0.32 - x       x

Now put the value in Kp expression

[tex]K_{p} = \frac{p_{COCl_2}}{p_{CO} \times p_{Cl_2}}[/tex]

[tex]310 = \frac{x}{(0.28 - x) (0.32 - x)}[/tex]

[tex]310 = \frac{x}{0.0896 - 0.28x - 0.32x + x^2}[/tex]

310 (0.0896 - 0.28x - 0.32x + x²) = x

310 (0.0896 - 0.6 x + x²)  = x

27.776 - 186 x + 310 x² = x

310 x² -187 x + 27.776 = 0

By using the quadratic equation find the value of x:

[tex]x = \frac{b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 \pm \sqrt{(187)^2 - 4 \times 310 \times 27.776}}{2 \times 310}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 \pm \sqrt{34969 - 34,442.24}}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 \pm \sqrt{526.76}}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 \pm 22.95}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{187 + 22.95}{620}\ \text{or}\ \frac{187 - 22.95}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{209.95}{620}\ \text{or}\ \frac{164.05}{620}[/tex]

  [tex]= 0.33\ \text{or}\ 0.26[/tex]

Using the lowest value of x, we have that the partial pressure of COCl₂ would be 0.26 atm.

PpCO = 0.28 - x = 0.28 - 0.26 = 0.02

PpCl₂ = 0.32 - x = 0.32 - 0.26 = 0.06

[tex]X_{COCl_2} = \frac{P_{COCl_2}}{Pt}[/tex]

And Pt is the total pressure of all species in reaction so:

Pt = 0.02 + 0.06 + 0.26 =

    = 0.34 atm

The mole fraction:

[tex]X_{COCl_2} = \frac{0.26}{0.34}[/tex]

             = 0.76

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Carbon monoxide and chlorine gas react to form phosgene. If a reaction mixture initially contains 215 torr of CO and 245 torr of Cl₂. 0.76 is the mole fraction of COCl₂ when equilibrium is reached.

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700 L of water was produced if 350.0 L of carbon dioxide were made at STP.

The quantitative relationship (ratio) between reactants and products in a chemical reaction that produces gases is known as gas stoichiometry. When the created gases are presumed to be ideal and their temperature, pressure, and volume are all known, gas stoichiometry is applicable.

The ideal gas equation is PV=nRT, where n is the number of moles and R is the gas constant, P is the pressure measured in atmospheres (atm), V is the volume measured in liters (L), and

Calculations based on stoichiometry assist scientists and engineers who work in the business world in estimating the number of items they will make using a particular process. They can also assist in determining if a product will be economical to produce.

Reduced growth, reproduction, and survivability for the consumer are typically the results of a significant stoichiometric imbalance between the primary producer and consumer.

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The volume of 0.555M KNO3 solution would contain 12.5 g of solute iss 223 mL.

The mass of solute in a given volume of solution is related by the formula below:

Therefore, volume of solution is given by:

Volume = Mass /molarity * molar mass

Molar mass of KNO₃ = 101 g/mol

Volume = 12.5/(0.555 * 101)

Volume = 0.223 L or 223 mL

In conclusion, the volume of the solution is obtained from the molarity of solution as well as mass and molar mass of solute.

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If C3H8O is dissolved in water, it would be expected to be a strong electrolyte.

A strong electrolyte is a solute or solution (already an electrolyte) that can completely dissociates in solution.

C3H8O is one of those compounds expected to be a strong electrolyte.

Thus, if C3H8O is dissolved in water, it would be expected to be a strong electrolyte.

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By the mean value theorem, the function y = sin x² on the interval [0, π/4] has this guaranteed number: x ≈ 0.460.

According to the mean value theorem, a function that is differentiable at an interval [a, b] has a number c within the interval such that:

f'(c) = [f(b) - f(a)]/(b - a)     (1)

The first derivative of the function is f'(x) = 2 · x · cos x² and by the mean value theorem we know that:

2 · c · cos c² = [sin (π/4)²- sin 0²]/(π/4 - 0)

2 · c · cos c² = [- √2 / 2]/(π /4)

2 · c · cos c² ≈ 0.900

This equation cannot be solved analytically. By the resource of a graphing tool we found the following solution within the interval: c ≈ 0.460.

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Evolution can not be tested by experiment given that it depends largely on observations that fit into a wider scope and point to a common conclusion.

Science is know to be empirical, In science, the evidence that backs up a claim is what establishes it as true or false. Thus all theories must be tested by experiment.

However, the theory of evolution can not be tested by experiment given that it depends largely on observations that fit into a wider scope and point to a common conclusion. In other words, evolution lies “outside of empirical science”.

The fact that it can not be directly proven empirically does not necessarily make it out to be false. That was the conclusion of Paul Ehrlich in his 1967 article.

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Answer:

The uncertainty principle says this view is only a guess, a snapshot of what the electrons around the nucleus could possibly look like. Specifically, the uncertainty principle says that we cannot know the exact location and speed of the electrons. Therefore, the planetary-like arrangement of the electrons around the nucleus is rarely ever assumed.

Answer:

40 g

Explanation:b

The rate of percolation of water into the soil will be 0.125 mL per second

The rate of percolation of water into the soil is determined by the volume of water that enters the soil per unit of time under specific conditions.

In this case, 750 mL of water percolated in 100 minutes.

100 minutes = 100 x 60 = 6,000 seconds

Percolation rate = 750/6000 = 0.125 mL per second

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Answer:

0.0387 moles SF₆

Explanation:

To find the moles of sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), you need to multiply the number of molecules by Avogadro's number. Avogadro's number is a ratio between molecules and moles. It is important to arrange the conversion in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value (2.33 x 10²²).

Avogadro's Number:

6.022 x 10²³ molecules = 1 mole

2.33 x 10²² molecules SF₆                    1 mole
---------------------------------------  x  ------------------------------------  =  0.0387 moles SF₆
                                                    6.022 x 10²³ molecules

The mass of NaHCO₃ required to produce 1.76 g of CO₂ is 3.36 g

NaHCO₃ + HA --> NaA + CO₂ + H₂O

Molar mass of NaHCO₃ = 84 g/mol

Mass of NaHCO₃ from the balanced equation = 1 × 84 = 84 g

Molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol

Mass of CO₂ from the balanced equation = 1 × 44 = 44 g

SUMMARY

From the balanced equation above,

44 g of CO₂ were produced from 84 g of NaHCO₃

From the balanced equation above,

44 g of CO₂ were produced from 84 g of NaHCO₃

Therefore,

1.76 g of CO₂ will be produced from = (1.76 × 84) / 44 = 3.36 g of NaHCO₃

Thus, 3.36 g of NaHCO₃ is needed for the reaction

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