Which of the following pollutant gases is not produced directly in a combustion engine?
a. CO
b. CO2
c. O3
d. NO
e. NO2

For each pair of molecules given in the table below, the correct relationships are identified as follows.

A molecule is a bonded collection of atoms that represents the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that may participate in a chemical process.

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The amount of potassium chloride (KCl) in 27.2 kg of a solution containing 18.7% KCl by mass solution is 5.086 kg.

Mass of solute = Mass percent of solute x  Mass of the solution

Here,

Mass percent of solute = 18.7 %

Mass of the solution = 27.2 kg

Now put the value in above formula we get

Mass of solute = Mass percent of solute x  Mass of the solution

                         = [tex]\frac{18.7}{100} \times 27.2\ kg[/tex]

                         = [tex]\frac{508.64}{100}[/tex]

                         = 5.086

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The amount of potassium chloride (KCl) in 27.2 kg of a solution containing 18.7% KCl by mass solution is 5.086 kg.

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Answer:

4.62 atm

Explanation:

To find the missing pressure, you need to use the Combined Gas Law equation:

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

In this equation, "P₁", "V₁", and "T₁" represent the initial pressure, volume, and temperature. "P₂", "V₂", and "T₂" represent the final pressure, volume, and temperature.

P₁ = 8.01 atm                      P₁ = ? atm

V₁ = 715 mL                        V₁ = 963 mL

T₁ = 67 °C                           T₁ = 52 °C

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

(8.01 atm)(715 mL) / 67 °C = P₂(963 mL) / 52 °C

85.47985 = P₂(963 mL) / 52 °C

4444.952 = P₂(936 mL)

4.62 atm = P₂

The functional group would be the aromatic ring.

Functional groups in organic compounds are a group of atoms that gives the compound a distinctive chemical property or properties.

The major functional groups include Hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate groups. Aromatic rings are also considered a functional group.

Functional groups are made up of atoms of elements that are covalently linked to each other. The functional group as a whole is also covalently linked to the rest of the molecule.

Functional groups influence molecules to behave in a particular way when it comes to chemical reactions.

Looking at the image (see the attached), none of the side chains qualify as functional groups except the mother chain which is an aromatic ring.

Thus, the only functional group remains the aromatic ring.

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Mass of liquid reactant A is 11g.

as we know that,

reactant = product

from conservation of mass

so, liquid reactant A + liquid reactant B = liquid product + solid product

substituting the values, we get,

liquid reactant A + 9 = 8 + 12

liquid reactant A + 9 = 20

liquid reactant A = 20 - 9

liquid reactant A = 11g

Hence, mass of the liquid reactant A is 11g.

what is a reactant ?

A reagent, also known as an analytical reagent, is a substance or compound that is added to a system in chemistry to bring about a chemical reaction or check to see whether one happens. Although the terms "reagent" and "reactant" are frequently used synonymously, "reactant" refers to a material that is consumed during a chemical reaction.

Mass of liquid reactant A is 11g.

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[tex]K_{sp}[/tex] of the compound is found to be  5.04 ×[tex]10^{-10}[/tex].

Solubility :Solubility can be define as the amount of a substance that dissolves or mixes in a given amount of solvent at specific conditions.

Solubility equilibrium

Ksp = [tex][A^{+} ]^{a}[/tex] [tex][B^{-} ]^{b}[/tex]

Ksp = solubility product constant

A+ = cation in an aquious solution

B- = anion in an aqueous solution

a, b = relative concentrations of a and b

Given,

Solubility = s = 3.60 × [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] g/L

molar mass = 288 g/ mol

∴ s= 3.60 × [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] g/L ÷ 288 g/ mol = 1.25 ×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex] mol/ L

Reaction:

MX3 ⇄ M + 3X

           s       3s

[tex]K_{sp}[/tex] =[ [tex]M^{+3}[/tex]] [ [tex]X^{-1}[/tex][tex]]^{3}[/tex] = solubility product

∴ [tex]K_{sp}[/tex] =[tex][s]^{} [3s]^{3}[/tex]

∴ [tex]K_{sp}[/tex] = 3 [tex]s^{4}[/tex]

∴ [tex]K_{sp}[/tex] = 3 × (3.60 × [tex]10^{-2}[/tex] [tex])^{4}[/tex]

∴ [tex]K_{sp}[/tex] = 503.8848 ×[tex]10^{-8}[/tex]  = 5.04 ×[tex]10^{-10}[/tex]

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Answer:

2.30 moles MgCl₂

Explanation:

First, you need to balance the chemical equation. An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each element on both sides of the reaction. These values can be modified by adding coefficients in front of the molecules.

The unbalanced equation:

Mg (s) + HCl (aq) ---> MgCl₂ (s) + H₂ (g)

Reactants: 1 magnesium, 1 hydrogen, 1 chlorine

Products: 1 magnesium, 2 hydrogen, 2 chlorine

The balanced equation:

Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ---> MgCl₂ (s) + H₂ (g)

Reactants: 1 magnesium, 2 hydrogen, 2 chlorine

Products: 1 magnesium, 2 hydrogen, 2 chlorine

Now, you need to use the mole-to-mole ratios from the balanced equation to convert between moles. Since we were not given a limiting reactant, the easiest way to find the actual moles of MgCl₂ is to start from both reactants.

4.59 moles Mg            1 mole MgCl₂
-------------------------  x  ------------------------  =  4.59 moles MgCl₂
                                       1 mole Mg

4.59 moles HCl           1 mole MgCl₂
-------------------------  x  ------------------------  =  2.30 moles MgCl₂
                                     2 moles HCl

Since HCl produces the smaller amount of product, it must be the limiting reactant. In other words, HCl runs out before all of the Mg is completely used up. Therefore, the actual amount of MgCl₂ produced in 2.30 moles.

The first law of thermodynamics with pressure volume equation is written as E = Q - PΔV.

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.

It also states that the internal energy (E) is equal to the difference of the heat transfer (Q) into a system and the work (W) done by the system.

E = Q - W

The first law of thermodynamics with pressure volume equation is given as;

W = PΔV

E = Q - PΔV

Thus, the first law of thermodynamics with pressure volume equation is written as E = Q - PΔV.

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Caffeine - Lead (Pb) - Copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) - Sodium chloride (NaCl) - Silver (Ag) - Tungsten

The chemical equation for the reaction is [tex]2Cr (s) + 3CoCl_2 (aq) --- > 2CrCl_3 (aq) + 3Co (s)[/tex]

Chromium metal is higher in the reactivity series than cobalt. Thus, chromium will displace cobalt from solutions.

Therefore, the equation for the reaction between chromium metal and cobalt (II) chloride will be written as:

[tex]2Cr (s) + 3CoCl_2 (aq) --- > 2CrCl_3 (aq) + 3Co (s)[/tex]

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Chromium metal is immersed in an aqueous solution of cobalt(II) chloride. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. Enter no reaction if no reaction occurs.

42.34 g of water could be warmed from 21.4°C to 43.4°C  by the pellet dropped inside it

Heat loss by the pellet is equal to the Heat gained by the water.

[tex]q_{w} = -q_{p}[/tex] ….(1)

where, [tex]q_{w}[/tex] is the heat gained by water

[tex]q_{p}[/tex] is the heat loss by pellet

[tex]q_{w}[/tex] = mCΔT

where m = mass of water

C = specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g-°C

ΔT = Increase in temperature

ΔT for water = 43.4 - 21.4 = 22°C

[tex]q_{w}[/tex] = m × 4.184 × 22 …. (2)

Now

[tex]q_{p}[/tex] = [tex]H_{c}[/tex] ×ΔT

where [tex]H_{c}[/tex] = Heat capacity of pellet = 56J/°C

Δ T for pellet = 43.4 - 113 =- 69.6°C

[tex]q_{p}[/tex] = 56 × -69.6 = -3897.6 J

From equation (1) and (2)

-m× 4.184 × 22 =-3897.6

m= 42.34 g

Hence, 42.34 g of water could be warmed from 21.4 degrees Celsius to 43.4 degrees Celsius by the pellet dropped inside it.

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Answer:

2 the mass is greater than 10.0gram

Explanation:

2 the mass is greater than 10.0gram

The theoretical yield of H₂S is 13.5 g.

The percent yield is 75.5 %.

The equation of the reaction is given below:

Moles of FeS reacting = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of FeS = 88 g/mol

Moles of FeS reacting = 35/88 = 0.398 moles

Moles of H₂S produced = 0.398 moles

Molar mass of H₂S = 34 g/mol

Mass of H₂S produced = 0.398 * 34 = 13.5 g

Theoretical yield of H₂S is 13.5 g.

Actual yield of H₂S = 10.2 g

Percent yield = 10.2/13.5 * 100%

Percent yield = 75.5 %

In conclusion, the actual yield is less than the theoretical yield.

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The product of pressuré and volume of an ideal gas is proportional to the absolute temperature.

An ideal gas is a gas that is not real in nature. It is a hypothetical gas that obeys the ideal gas law.

Just like normal gas particles, the particles of an ideal gas also move randomly. However, unlike normal gas molecules, the molecules of an ideal gas do not interact with one another.

The ideal gas law states that the product of the pressure and the volume of a gas is proportional to the temperature of the gas.

Mathematically, the ideal gas equation is expressed as:

PV = nRT where n = number of mole of the gas and R = constant.

Thus, the best conclusion from the ideal gas law is the product of pressure and volume is directly proportional to the temperature.

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Answer:

298-273 = 25°C is correct answer!

When 67 g of water is heated from its melting point to its boiling point, it takes 28006 J of heat.

The following formula is frequently used to describe the connection between these four values.

q = msΔT

where, q = the amount of heat emitted or absorbed by the thing

m =  the object's mass = 67 gm

s =  a specific heat capacity of the substance = 4.18  J/gC

ΔT = the resultant change in the object's temperature = 373.15 -273.15K= 100 k

q = 67 * 4.18 * 100 J

⇒q = 28006 J

Therefore it is concluded that 67 g of water takes 28006 J of heat from its melting point to reach its boiling point.

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The enthalpy change of the reaction:  A + 2B → C is determined as follows: ΔH = ΔH₁ +  ΔH₂; option C

Enthalpy change refers to the change in heat content as reactant molecules combine to form products.

The enthalpy change of a multistep reaction is calculated from by summing the enthalpy changes of the intermediate steps that leads to the overall reaction.

Thus, the enthalpy change of the reaction:  A + 2B → C is determined as follows:

ΔH = ΔH₁ +  ΔH₂

In conclusion, the enthalpy change of the reaction is determined from the summation of the enthalpy changes that occur in the intermediate steps.

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The mass of 36-6-18 fertilizer fertilizer required is 536 lb.

The mass of nitrogen fertilizer required for the acre of land is determined as follows:

Percentage of Nitrogen in the fertilizer = 36% by weight of the fertilizer.

Mass of Nitrogen required per acre = 193 lbs

Mass of fertilizer required = 193 * 100/36

Mass of fertilizer required  = 536 lb of fertilizer.

In conclusion, the amount of fertilizer required is determined from the percent of nitrogen in the fertilizer.

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Answer:

4 NH₃ + 3 O₂ -----> 2 N₂ + 6 H₂O

Explanation:

An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each element on both sides of a reaction. To balance the elements, you can add coefficients to modify the amount of elements/molecules present. It is important to have the smallest coefficients possible.

The unbalanced equation:

NH₃ + O₂ -----> N₂ + H₂O

Reactants: 1 nitrogen, 3 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

Products: 2 nitrogen, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

The balanced equation:

4 NH₃ + 3 O₂ -----> 2 N₂ + 6 H₂O

Reactants: 4 nitrogen, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen

Products: 4 nitrogen, 12 hydrogen, 6 oxygen

Answer:

Molarity = 1.28

Explanation:

[tex]m= n/v[/tex]

M = molar concentration

n = moles of solute

v = liters of solution

Molarity = moles of solute / litres of solution.

]

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The amount of potassium chloride (KCl) in 27.2 kg of a solution containing 18.7% KCl by mass solution is 5.086 kg.

Mass of solute = Mass percent of solute x  Mass of the solution

Here,

Mass percent of solute = 18.7 %

Mass of the solution = 27.2 kg

Now put the value in above formula we get

Mass of solute = Mass percent of solute x  Mass of the solution

                         = [tex]\frac{18.7}{100} \times 27.2\ kg[/tex]

                         = [tex]\frac{508.64}{100}[/tex]

                         = 5.086

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The amount of potassium chloride (KCl) in 27.2 kg of a solution containing 18.7% KCl by mass solution is 5.086 kg.

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Taking into account the definition of dilution, the initial volume needed to prepare each of the diluted solution is 145.59 mL.

When it is desired to prepare a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one, it is called dilution.

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of solute in solution, which is accomplished by simply adding more solvent to the solution at the same amount of solute.

In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, but as more solvent is added, the concentration of the solute decreases, as the volume (and weight) of the solution increases.

A dilution is mathematically expressed as:

Ci×Vi = Cf×Vf

where

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of dilution:

17% (m/v)× Vi= 7.5% (m/v)× 330 mL

Solving:

Vi= (7.5% (m/v)× 330 mL)÷ 17% (m/v)

Vi= 145.59 mL

In summary, the initial volume needed to prepare each of the diluted solution is 145.59 mL.

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Answer:

See below

Explanation:

Q = m c T      c = specific heat   T = temp change  Q = heat joules

32 = 4 c 40     c = .2 J/g-C

314 to 344 k is a change of 30 K  

Q = m c T

  = 4 * .2 * 30 = 24 Joules

Answer:

(a) 0.2 J/g°K

(b) 24 J

Explanation:

(a)

To find the specific heat capacity, you need to use the following equation:

Q = mcΔT

In this formula,

-----> Q = heat energy (J)

-----> m = mass (g)

-----> c = specific heat capacity (J/g°K)

-----> ΔT = change in temperature (K)

You can plug the given values into the equations and simplify to find the missing value.

Q = 32 J                          c = ? J/g°K

m = 4.0 g                        ΔT = 40 K

Q = mcΔT                                              <----- Equation

32 J = (4.0 g) x c x (40 K)                     <----- Insert variables

32 J = (160) x c                                      <----- Multiply 4.0 and 40

0.2 = c                                                   <----- Divide both sides by 160

(b)

To find the energy of the same sample, you can use the same equation. This time, you know the specific heat capacity, have a different change in temperature, and are solving for energy (Q).

Q = ? J                           c = 0.2 J/g°K

m = 4.0 g                       ΔT = 344 K - 314 K = 30 K

Q = mcΔT                                         <----- Given equation

Q = (4.0 g)(0.2 J/g°K)(30 K)             <----- Insert values

Q = 24                                              <----- Multiply

Answer:

a. 54 calories burnt

b. multiplied by 9

The mass of sodium azide required to decompose and produce the number of moles of nitrogen calculated to get 0.016 is 0.011moles.

The number of moles of a substance can be calculated stoichiometrically as follows:

According to this question, sodium azide decomposes to produce sodium and nitrogen gas as follows:

2NaN3 → 2Na + 3N2

2 moles of sodium azide produces 3 moles of N2

This means that 0.016 moles of N2 will be produced by 0.016 × 2/3 = 0.011moles of NaN3.

Therefore, the mass of sodium azide required to decompose and produce the number of moles of nitrogen calculated to get 0.016 is 0.011moles.

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Answer:

Bromine

Explanation:

To identify the gas, you first need to find the moles of the gas. You can do this using the Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT

In this equation,

-----> P = pressure (atm)

-----> V = volume (L)

-----> n = moles

-----> R = Ideal Gas Constant (0.08206 atm*L/mol *K)

-----> T = temperature (K)

After converting mL to L and Celsius to Kelvin, you can plug the values into the equation and simplify to find the moles.

P = 1.98 atm                                            R = 0.08206 atm*L/mol *K

V = 752 mL / 1,000 = 0.752 L                T = 62 °C + 273.15 = 335.15 K

n = ? moles

PV = nRT

(1.98 atm)(0.752 L) = n(0.08206 atm*L/mol *K)(335.15 K)

1.48896 = n(27.5024)

0.0541 = n

You can identify the gas by determining the molar mass of the gas, which is specific to each element. The molar mass exists as a ratio that compares the mass per 1 mole.

Molar Mass = mass / moles

Molar Mass = 4.32 g / 0.0541 moles

Molar Mass = 79.8 g/mol

This molar mass is closest to the molar mass of bromine (79.904 g/mol).