Which of the following best describes the defining characteristics of the Age of Contact era in Texas history?

American Indian tribes were driven out of Texas by French settlers.
American Indian tribes were driven out of Texas by French settlers.

Spanish colonists abandoned exploration of Texas after not finding any gold.
Spanish colonists abandoned exploration of Texas after not finding any gold.

Anglo and Spanish settlers established colonies in Texas.
Anglo and Spanish settlers established colonies in Texas.

Spanish explorers and French explorers both claimed land in Texas.
Spanish explorers and French explorers both claimed land in Texas.

The wave of exploration that began with Columbus’ voyage in 1492 didn’t take long to reach the land that is now Texas. Spain’s conquest of the Americas began on a series of islands in what is now the Caribbean Sea. New colonial cities on those islands soon became hubs for exploration of the mainland. By 1519, exploration had turned to conquest in what is now Mexico, when Hernán Cortés landed on the Yucatán peninsula then pushed inland to the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan.

To the north, on the gulf coast, the focus remained on exploration. A 1519 expedition led by Alonzo Álvarez de Pineda sailed west from Florida toward Mexico, mapping the coastline as they traveled. That map, which is still in existence, shows a long and curving coastline that we can recognize even today. It’s the first map showing the land that became Texas.

There’s no evidence that the Pineda expedition came ashore in Texas, although it’s likely they stopped somewhere along the coast to restock their supplies of food and water. A later group of explorers gets credit for being the first people from the Old World to set foot on the Texas shore. They were survivors of a failed expedition to colonize Florida, shipwrecked in November of 1528 on the Texas coast after fleeing Florida in makeshift boats.

Some 80 men wrecked on a barrier island – perhaps present-day Galveston. The group included a Moorish slaved named Estevanico, the first African to enter what is now Texas. But, the most well-known is Álvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca. For eight years, he traveled through Texas and the Southwest, living sometimes as a trader, and sometimes as a slave. In 1536, Cabeza de Vaca and a handful of companions traveled across North America to a Spanish outpost on the Gulf of California. He returned with fantastic tales to tell. That story can be read today in La Relacion, an account of his journey, published in 1542. The account also provides valuable information about the lives of Native American groups who lived here when the Age of Contact began.

Word of Cabeza de Vaca’s journey spread quickly. Fascinated by Cabeza de Vaca’s account and enticed by the potential riches in the area, other Spanish explorers left for Texas in hopes of finding treasure. The first was Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, sent by the Viceroy in Mexico City to find the Seven Cities of Cibola. Coronado did not find gold, but his route did cross what is now the panhandle of Texas, where traces of his massive expedition can still be found.

An expedition led by Luis Moscoso de Alvarado, survivors of another failed mission to Florida, entered east Texas – probably in the summer of 1542. They encountered the Caddo Indians, and perhaps reached the Guadalupe River, but many questions remain about the route they traveled in the state.

In 1598, another Spanish explorer, Juan de Oñate, crossed the Rio Grande near present-day El Paso. He was traveling to colonize what is now New Mexico. An inscription carved into a stone there offers a powerful reminder of those early European explorers, and of the change they brought when they came.

Many Spanish explorers came to the region in search of wealth and treasure, but no one found the abundant treasure they sought. By the mid-1500s, the Spanish government’s interest had begun to wane, and by the turn of the century large expeditions to Texas had come to an end.

But the Spanish weren’t the only power with an interest in the Americas. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, France and England had also claimed large areas – the English along the mid-Atlantic coast, and the French in present-day Canada. The French explorer, René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, set out for the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, which had already been claimed by Spain. He left France in 1684 with the intention of establishing a French fort at the mouth of the Mississippi River. But La Salle’s expedition strayed far from its original course, and landed at present-day Matagorda Bay, Texas. He lost two ships in the bay, including the La Belle. That ship’s remains were discovered and excavated in modern times, providing artifacts and a wealth of information that we can study today.

La Salle did establish a fort, which was built along Garcitas Creek far from the Mississippi. Like so many other expeditions, La Salle’s ultimately failed. He was murdered by his own men, and by 1689, disease, hunger and attacks from the neighboring Karankawa had killed almost all of the remaining members of La Salle’s entourage.

Despite the failure of La Salle’s Fort Saint Louis, the French presence revived Spain’s interest in the area. An expedition led by Alonzo De León rescued some of the survivors from La Salle’s colony and strengthened Spain’s presence in the area. Then, in 1690, a group of Franciscans established the first missions in East Texas. It was the beginning of a wave of Spanish missions and colonies, including many that can still be seen today.

Which best explains France's position during the discussions at Versailles?

A)The French were willing to forgive Germany because France had suffered relatively little damage during the war.

B)The French wanted lenient terms because they were certain Germany would never again start a war.

C)The French wanted harsh terms because much of the fighting and destruction had taken place on French soil.

D)The French were eager to punish Germany because they believed a harsh policy would earn the respect of the
German people

A colonist purchased a pair of dice, a 4 page newspaper, and placed an ad to sell a product in a newspaper. How much in today’s money would that have cost?

What lead to the downfall of Assyria?
A.
They were fighting among themselves and the Chaldeans and Medes took advantage of this.
B.
The Assyrians grew to fond of war.
C.
The Assyrians grew to fond of comfort.
D.
They had over expanded their army and it rebelled against the king.

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What made it possible for southern planters to boost their profits in the early 1800s?
A Workers planted less cotton and more rice and sugar cane.
B Planters started growing different varieties of cotton.
C Planters move North to fertile new lands.
D Workers cleaned more cotton in the same amount of time with the cotton gin.

PLz HELP!!!ASAP!!! Extra points if answered!
Which event came last?

a
Rome was sacked by the Vigoths.
b
Tiberius became emperor.
c
The empire was divided into two parts.
d
Constantine moved the capital from Rome.


Which statement is true of Chrisitianity?

a
Christianity promised a life of security and comfort.
b
Its main appeal was the promise of salvation through the sacrifice of Jesus.
c
Most Roman emperors encouraged Christianity.
d
Christianity discouraged sharing property and providing charity.

Where was the Code of Hammurabi placed? Why was it placed there?
PLZZZZZZZZZZ HELPPPPPP NEED ASAP

How did the terms of the Congress of Vienna led to widespread discontent in Europe, especially in Italy and the German states?

What is the main DIFFERENCE between a presidential democracy and a partiamentary democracy? a

PLEASE HELP!!!! Carlos begins his workout by stretching. Then he spends an equal amount of time on each workout machine. The equation y = 8x + 10 represents the total time, in minutes, of Carlos' workout if he uses x workout machines.Explain what the slope and y-intercept of the equation represent in this situation.

A. Carlos spends 8 minutes stretching And 10 minutes on each workout machine

B. Carlos Spend 10 minutes stretching and eight minutes on each workout machine

C. Carlos Uses eight workout machines for 10 minutes each

D. Carlos spent 10 minutes on one machine and 8 minutes on another

Why did French settlers search for a north west passage? Check all that apply
0 to prevent spain from sending goods back to Europe
0 to find a connection between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
0 to improve their ability to trade valuable goods from the East Indies
0 to increase their ability to more-easily trade valuable goods
0 to close off a potential trade route for the English

What was the importance of the Louisiana Purchase to the United States?
a.
It was a reward by President Jefferson to the negotiators of a peace treaty with France.
b.
The purchase ensured that hostile Indians would be expelled from the territory.
c.
The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States.
d.
It built the most powerful and ambitious military force in the world.

king mahendra was a ambitious king
​

Which type of figurative language is shown in the sentence?

Suka follows the lasers light like a lion chasing its prey
A.) Idiom
B.) Hyperbole
C.) Simile

PLZZZZZ HELP ASAP NEEDS TO BE TURNED IN 10 Min!
Claim - Since the start of the current administration, ICE has committed a series of repeated human rights violations against undocumented people in the U.S. ICE should be abolished.

Supporting Evidence -
Explanation -
pls help

Give one positive and one negative result of the “Iron Triangles” need asap :(

Explain at least 3 factors that helped the the Colonists be successful against the British

4. Which European power did not establish settlements or claim territory in Colonial America?
A. Spain
B. France
C. England
D. Germany

How did Sir Robert Borden "rig" the election of 1918?

How did Egypt’s location affect the development of its civilization?

Was Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety an effective government?
HELP PLEASE!

A map with labels A through D. A is near the center of India. B is in the northern tip. C is in a body of water south of India. D is in a body of water east of India. This map shows several physical features of the Indian subcontinent. Which location on the map shows the Deccan Plateau? A B C D

HII!! I NEED HELP ASAP :D


What was the last major battle of the war where General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington?
A. Princeton
B. Trenton
C. Charleston
D. Yorktown

On what date did the treaty of Paris become official?
A. April 10 1782
B. June 11 1782
C. July 14 1783
D. Sep. 3 1783

As part of the treaty, the Americans got fishing rights in the..
A. Gulf of st lawrence and off the coast of newfoundland
B. Gulf of Mexico
C. Caribbean Sea
D. English Channel

As a part of the treaty, Spain got..
A. Canada
B. Florida
C. Cuba

What are 3 effects of the civil war in the US?

(Please answer)

Which advanced technology did Europeans not use to travel west to get across the oceans

Evaluate the extent to which ideas of self-government influenced
American colonial reaction to British imperial authority in the period
from 1754 to 1776.

What well-known Georgian was a leader in the movement to send freed blacks back to Africa?

Paul Cuffe
Frederick Douglass
William Lloyd Garrison
William H. Crawford

name at least 2 roman gods and explain how they were important to the romans

Are great artistic achievements less admirable if they are paid in dishonest ways, such as through the sale of these special pardons?

what is one reason biodiversity is beneficial